AI system
- System
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TERES AI live transcription (speech-to-text) of Constitution Bench hearings
- Model
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Not assessed
- Release
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Not assessed
- Application developer
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TERES (named by LiveLaw as the company supplying the transcription service)
- Role
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Not assessed
- Configuration
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Not assessed
- Inputs and outputs
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Not assessed
- Autonomy
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Not assessed
- Workflow
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A speech-to-text service installed in one courtroom with screens for counsel. A verification step in which lawyers proofread transcripts before publication. Court leadership willing to run it as an experiment on Constitution Bench matters.
- Human oversight
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Not assessed
- Relation to AI
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The AI produced the live draft. Lawyers proofread before publication and, per the Chief Justice, people oversee overlapping speech. The published-transcript rate (36% of hearings by May 2023) shows the benefit depended as much on human vetting as on the recognizer.
- AI contribution
-
The AI produced the live draft. Lawyers proofread before publication and, per the Chief Justice, people oversee overlapping speech. The published-transcript rate (36% of hearings by May 2023) shows the benefit depended as much on human vetting as on the recognizer.
Benefits
- Outcome identifiers
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Not assessed
- Benefit
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9 of 25 hearings had published transcripts by May 2023
- Category
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Improved Knowledge Discovery
- Status
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Not assessed
- Beneficiary groups
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Organizations. Society.
- Beneficiaries
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Not assessed
- Reach
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Not assessed
- Distribution and access
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Not assessed
- Duration
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Not assessed
- Expected?
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Yes
- Costs and harms
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Not assessed
Measurement
- Studies
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Not assessed
- Study design
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Not assessed
- Measurement
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Not assessed
- Setting and sample
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Not assessed
- Measures
-
9 of 25 hearings had published transcripts by May 2023
- Comparison
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Not assessed
- Results
-
9 of 25 hearings had published transcripts by May 2023
- Additional value from AI
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Not assessed
- Limitations
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Not assessed
- Denominators
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Not assessed
- Materials for replication
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Not assessed
Money
- Kind of value
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Not assessed
- Amount
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Not assessed
- Currency and prices
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Not assessed
- Period and unit
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Not assessed
- Realization
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Not assessed
- Recipients and payers
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Not assessed
- Gross or net
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Not assessed
- Included costs
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Not assessed
- Comparison
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Not assessed
- Method
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Not assessed
- Return and payback
-
Not assessed
People and places
- Participants
-
Developer: TERES (named by LiveLaw as the company supplying the transcription service). Operator:
Supreme Court of India. - Jurisdictions
-
Developer:
Singapore. Operator: 
India. - Ownership and control
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Not assessed
- Dependencies
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Not assessed
- Cross-border connections
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Not assessed
- Geopolitical implications
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Not assessed
Follow-up
- Conditions for replication
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Human vetting capacity, since unpublished transcripts accumulated in March 2023. Handling of overlapping speech in the courtroom. Continued institutional backing (the Law Ministry described it as trial use).
- Replication attempts
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2 follow-up entries. Benefit recurred: 2.
- Later findings
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Not assessed
- Availability
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Not assessed
- Institutional decision
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Not assessed
- Grounds
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Not assessed
- Action and result
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Not assessed
- Success criterion
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Not assessed
Evidence
- Source numbers
-
AIBD-0218-source-0001–0004
- Citations
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Numbered references below.
- Language
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Not assessed
- Source relationships
-
Independent, Operator
- Original evidence
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Not assessed
- Access and versions
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Not assessed
- Supported findings
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Not assessed
- Evidence links
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Not assessed
- Evidence strength
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Not assessed
- Missing evidence
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Not assessed
Grades
- Assessed benefits
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Organizations. Society.
- Depth
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Organizations: 1. Society: 1.
- Reasons
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Organizations: The court gained lawyer-verified transcripts for some Constitution Bench hearings on a trial basis. That was 9 of 25 by May 2023, almost ten matters by December 2023. Society: Transcripts were published on the court's website for public and academic use, but only for a minority of hearings in the first months.
- Observed or intended
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Not assessed
- Rubric
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Not assessed
- Assessor and date
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Not assessed
- Alternative assessments
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Not assessed
- Fill
-
Independently reported
Entry details
- Kind
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Not assessed
- Related entries
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Not assessed
- Field
-
Courts / language technology. Court transcription.
- Purpose
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The transcription was introduced to give judges, lawyers and law colleges a record of arguments and to make the court a court of record. Published transcripts are that purpose.
- Dates
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Date basis unassessed: 2023 (precision unassessed). Updated: 21 October 2026.
- Stage
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Not assessed
- Version
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SHA-256: c8b86bc4e518…
References
- Other identifiers
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Not assessed
- Category mappings
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Not assessed
- Brief
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Not assessed
- Revisions
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4 revisions. Latest: 21 October 2026.
Sources
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News report Independent author
Sharma P (21 Feb 2023). Breaking: Supreme Court Utilises AI To Make Live Transcriptions Of Its Hearings. LiveLaw (quotes CJI DY Chandrachud; names TERES).
We're just trying to explore the possibilities of live transcript. It is an experiment.
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News report Independent author
Spandana RS (18 May 2023). SC's Live Transcription Project: A Failed Experiment? Supreme Court Observer.
25 Constitution Bench hearings have been conducted across 4 cases. However, only 9 transcripts have been published so far.
-
News report Independent author
NDTV (8 Dec 2023). Supreme Court Using AI To Transcribe Arguments By Constitution Benches (Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal's written reply in the Lok Sabha).
In almost 10 (main) constitution bench matters, transcripts of arguments by use of artificial intelligence have been generated and these are published through the official website of the Supreme Court.
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Press release Deployer
Press Information Bureau, Government of India (11 Feb 2026). From Digitisation to Intelligence: How AI is Enhancing Access to Justice in India.
The system is being gradually extended to regular hearing days after successful use in Constitution Bench proceedings.