Benefits
- Benefit
-
Moved three clothespins in 90.2 seconds on average against 137 seconds with direct control
Awaiting review
- Outcome identifiers
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Category
-
Improved Accessibility
Awaiting review
- Status
-
Reported benefit
Awaiting review
- Beneficiary groups
-
People.
Awaiting review
- Beneficiaries
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Reach
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Distribution and access
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Duration
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Expected?
-
Yes
Awaiting review
- Costs and harms
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
AI system
- System
-
Myoelectric pattern recognition control (machine-learning classification of residual-limb EMG) on a custom transhumeral prosthesis built from commercially available parts
Awaiting review
- Model
-
This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Release
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Provider
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Role
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Configuration
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Inputs and outputs
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Autonomy
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Workflow
-
Participants had TMR surgery, which created extra muscle sites for recording signals. Each participant used the prosthesis at home for six to eight weeks under each control method.
Awaiting review
- Human oversight
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Relation to AI
-
A randomized crossover design compares the same prosthesis under machine-learning pattern recognition control and under conventional direct control.
Awaiting review
- AI contribution
-
A randomized crossover design compares the same prosthesis under machine-learning pattern recognition control and under conventional direct control.
Awaiting review
Measurement
- Studies
-
Randomized. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Studies
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Study design
-
Randomized. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Study design
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Measurement
-
SHAP, Clothespin Relocation Task, Box and Blocks Test and ACMC before and after each home period; home usage logs; stated preference. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Measurement
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Setting and sample
-
Eight transhumeral amputees with TMR, Center for Bionic Medicine, Chicago. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Setting and sample
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Measures
-
Function scores and task times. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Measures
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Comparison
-
Direct myoelectric control. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Comparison
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Results
-
Better SHAP (p = 0.04) and faster clothespin task (p = 0.02); no difference on Box and Blocks or ACMC; seven of eight preferred pattern recognition. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Results
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Additional value from AI
-
About 47 seconds faster on the clothespin task. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Additional value from AI
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
- Limitations
-
Eight participants; developers ran the trial and two hold a financial interest in Coapt; some unintended movements. [2]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Limitations
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [2]
Money
- Kind of value
-
The kind of monetary value is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Amount
-
The monetary value is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Currency and prices
-
The currency and price basis are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Period and unit
-
The period and unit of the monetary estimate are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Realization
-
Whether the monetary value was realized is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Recipients and payers
-
The recipients and payers are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Gross or net
-
Whether the monetary figure includes costs is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Included costs
-
The costs included in the estimate are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Comparison
-
The financial comparison is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Method
-
The method used to calculate monetary value is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Return and payback
-
The return on investment or payback period is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
People and places
- Participants
-
Developer: Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), with Northwestern University. Operator: Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, with home use by trial participants.
Awaiting review
- Jurisdictions
-
Benefit: Chicago, Illinois,
United States (laboratory testing) and participants' homes. Developer: United States. Operator: United States.Awaiting review
- Ownership and control
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Dependencies
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Cross-border connections
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Geopolitical implications
-
The geopolitical implications are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
Follow-up
- Conditions for replication
-
Users need a way to recalibrate the classifier at home; participants recalibrated 32.6 times on average during the trial. Participants were already competent users of myoelectric prostheses before the trial.
Awaiting review
- Replication attempts
-
1 follow-up entry. Benefit recurred: 1.
Awaiting review
- Later findings
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Availability
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Institutional decision
-
A relevant institutional decision has not been established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Grounds
-
The grounds for an institutional decision are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Action and result
-
The result of an institutional decision is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Success criterion
-
The criterion for a successful institutional decision is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
Evidence
- Source numbers
-
AIBD-0604-source-0001–0002
Awaiting review
- Citations
-
Numbered references below.
Awaiting review
- Language
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Source relationships
-
Independent, Developer
Awaiting review
- Original evidence
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Access and versions
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Supported findings
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Evidence links
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Evidence strength
-
Independently studied. Sources: one independent peer-reviewed study and the makers' peer-reviewed study. The cited evidence includes no finding by a regulator or court. [1] [2]
- Missing evidence
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
Grades
- Assessed benefits
-
People.
Awaiting review
- Depth
-
People: 2.
Awaiting review
- Reasons
-
People: Participants moved three clothespins in 90.2 seconds with pattern recognition against 137 seconds with direct control, and seven of eight preferred it.
Awaiting review
- Observed or intended
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Rubric
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Assessor and date
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Alternative assessments
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Fill
-
Independently studied
Awaiting review
Entry details
- Kind
-
The case describes an evaluation or a study. A randomized crossover trial. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Kind
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Related entries
-
No incident in the AI Incident Database snapshot of 26 October 2026 concerns the same kind of system harming the same kind of stakeholder.
Partly reviewedUnresolved: supporting details for Related entries
Compared with the incidents in the AI Incident Database snapshot of 26 October 2026.
- Field
-
Healthcare.
Awaiting review
- Purpose
-
Pattern recognition control was built to let amputees operate several prosthetic joints in sequence without switching modes. The better function and the preference that the trial measured were that purpose.
Awaiting review
- Dates
-
Source published: 23 October 2017. Updated: 29 October 2026.
Awaiting review
- Stage
-
The system was used in a pilot. A registered clinical trial with home use of research prostheses. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Stage
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Version
-
SHA-256: 03065aeb5ff5…
Awaiting review: supporting details for Version
SHA-256 of the public case, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.
References
- Other identifiers
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Category mappings
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Citable summary
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Revisions
-
1 revision. Latest: 29 October 2026.
Awaiting review
Sources
-
Peer-reviewed study Independent author
Mereu F, Leone F, Gentile C, Cordella F, Gruppioni E, Zollo L. Control Strategies and Performance Assessment of Upper-Limb TMR Prostheses: A Review. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(6):1953. doi:10.3390/s21061953
Finally, in the CRT test, the subjects obtained significantly better results ( p = 0.024) (i.e., the patients needed less time for concluding the test) using the PR-based control (90.2 ± 39.6 s) than using the direct control (137 ± 60.2 s).
-
Peer-reviewed study Developer
Hargrove LJ, Miller LA, Turner K, Kuiken TA. Myoelectric Pattern Recognition Outperforms Direct Control for Transhumeral Amputees with Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sci Rep. 2017;7:13840. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14386-w
At the end of the trial, subjects moved three clothespins from a horizontal bar to a vertical bar in 90.2 ± 39.6 seconds using pattern recognition compared to 137 ± 60.2 seconds using direct control.