Benefits
- Benefit
-
20% lower odds of a fatal or serious injury (adjusted odds ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.996)
Awaiting review
- Outcome identifiers
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Category
-
Reduced Risk
Awaiting review
- Status
-
Reported benefit
Awaiting review
- Beneficiary groups
-
Society.
Awaiting review
- Beneficiaries
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Reach
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Distribution and access
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Duration
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Expected?
-
Yes
Awaiting review
- Costs and harms
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
AI system
- System
-
Automatic emergency braking (AEB) offered as an option on six best-selling passenger car models in Japan
Awaiting review
- Model
-
This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Release
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Provider
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Role
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Configuration
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Inputs and outputs
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Autonomy
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Workflow
-
Six popular car models in Japan offered AEB as an option, which allowed a comparison within the same models. The benefit showed up as milder injuries in crashes that still happened.
Awaiting review
- Human oversight
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Relation to AI
-
The study compares crashes involving the same six models with and without AEB, with adjustment for confounders; the comparison is observational.
Awaiting review
- AI contribution
-
The study compares crashes involving the same six models with and without AEB, with adjustment for confounders; the comparison is observational.
Awaiting review
Measurement
- Studies
-
Controlled observational. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Studies
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Study design
-
Controlled observational. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Study design
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Measurement
-
Multivariable logistic regression of injury severity (fatal or serious against minor or none). [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Measurement
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Setting and sample
-
4,131 pedestrians and 6,659 cyclists in police-reported crashes with six best-selling car models, Japan, 2016 to 2019. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Setting and sample
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Measures
-
Odds of fatal or serious injury. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Measures
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Comparison
-
Same models without AEB. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Comparison
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Results
-
Pedestrians: adjusted odds ratio 0.80 (0.64 to 0.996); cyclists: 0.91 (0.74 to 1.14), a nonsignificant result. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Results
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Additional value from AI
-
20% lower odds of fatal or serious pedestrian injury. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Additional value from AI
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Limitations
-
Cross-sectional; counts only crashes that occurred; the upper confidence bound is near 1. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Limitations
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
Money
- Kind of value
-
The kind of monetary value is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Amount
-
The monetary value is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Currency and prices
-
The currency and price basis are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Period and unit
-
The period and unit of the monetary estimate are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Realization
-
Whether the monetary value was realized is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Recipients and payers
-
The recipients and payers are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Gross or net
-
Whether the monetary figure includes costs is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Included costs
-
The costs included in the estimate are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Comparison
-
The financial comparison is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Method
-
The method used to calculate monetary value is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Return and payback
-
The return on investment or payback period is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
People and places
- Participants
-
Developer: Makers of the six car models (not named in the abstract). Operator: Makers of the six car models (factory-fitted optional equipment; makers not named in the abstract).
Awaiting review
- Jurisdictions
-
Benefit:
Japan. Developer: Unknown (makers not named). Operator: Unknown (makers not named).Awaiting review
- Ownership and control
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Dependencies
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Cross-border connections
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Geopolitical implications
-
The geopolitical implications are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
Follow-up
- Conditions for replication
-
The system must detect the pedestrian early enough to reduce impact speed. Systems that do not detect cyclists are unlikely to help cyclists.
Awaiting review
- Replication attempts
-
2 follow-up entries. Benefit recurred: 2.
Awaiting review
- Later findings
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Availability
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Institutional decision
-
A relevant institutional decision has not been established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Grounds
-
The grounds for an institutional decision are unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Action and result
-
The result of an institutional decision is not established.
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Success criterion
-
The criterion for a successful institutional decision is unclear.
Not reviewedUnresolved
Evidence
- Source numbers
-
AIBD-0603-source-0001
Awaiting review
- Citations
-
Numbered references below.
Awaiting review
- Language
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Source relationships
-
Independent
Awaiting review
- Original evidence
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Access and versions
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Supported findings
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Evidence links
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Evidence strength
-
Independently studied. Sources: one independent peer-reviewed study. The cited evidence includes no finding by a regulator or court. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Evidence strength
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Missing evidence
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
Grades
- Assessed benefits
-
Society.
Awaiting review
- Depth
-
Society: 4.
Awaiting review
- Reasons
-
Society: Across national police data, struck pedestrians had 20% lower odds of fatal or serious injury when the car had AEB.
Awaiting review
- Observed or intended
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Rubric
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Assessor and date
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Alternative assessments
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Fill
-
Independently studied
Awaiting review
Entry details
- Kind
-
The case describes an evaluation or a study. A cross-sectional study of police crash data. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Kind
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Related entries
-
Both records concern automatic emergency braking on passenger cars, and in this incident false braking endangered car occupants and other road users whom the system is meant to protect.
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Related entries
Compared with the incidents in the AI Incident Database snapshot of 26 October 2026; a second reading confirmed that the incident concerns the same kind of system and stakeholder.
Sources: incidentdatabase.ai
- Field
-
Road safety.
Awaiting review
- Purpose
-
AEB is built to brake automatically to avoid or soften a collision. The milder pedestrian injuries that the study measured were within that purpose.
Awaiting review
- Dates
-
Source published: 10 May 2025. Updated: 29 October 2026.
Awaiting review
- Stage
-
The system was in routine use. Factory-fitted options on cars in ordinary use. [1]
Fully reviewed: supporting details for Stage
Review date: 29 October 2026.
Sources: [1]
- Version
-
SHA-256: 166d1f524364…
Awaiting review: supporting details for Version
SHA-256 of the public case, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.
References
- Other identifiers
-
AI Incident Database: 341.
Awaiting review
- Category mappings
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Citable summary
-
Unresolved
Not reviewedUnresolved
- Revisions
-
2 revisions. Latest: 29 October 2026.
Awaiting review
Sources
-
Peer-reviewed study Independent author
Inada H, Ichikawa M. Association between automatic emergency braking and pedestrian and cyclist injury severity in Japan. Accid Anal Prev. 2025;218:108091. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2025.108091
AEB was associated with a 20 % decrease in the odds of fatal or serious injuries among pedestrians (adjusted odds ratio: 0.80, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.996)