AI system
- System
-
Front crash prevention systems (FCW, low-speed AEB, FCW with AEB) on passenger vehicles from multiple automakers, including Volvo's standard low-speed AEB on 2011–2012 S60 and 2010–2012 XC60
- Model
-
Not assessed
- Release
-
Not assessed
- Provider
-
Not assessed
- Role
-
Not assessed
- Configuration
-
Not assessed
- Inputs and outputs
-
Not assessed
- Autonomy
-
Not assessed
- Workflow
-
Vehicle fitted with FCW and/or AEB. Rear-end conflict within the system's operating speed range.
- Human oversight
-
Not assessed
- Relation to AI
-
Front crash prevention systems are automated perception-and-braking systems. The within-model comparisons (FCW alone, FCW with AEB) and Volvo S60/XC60 comparison with other luxury midsize cars and SUVs (low-speed AEB) control for other factors. They show effectiveness as a rate, not any single avoided crash. Whether such systems count as AI is a definitional choice the sources do not settle.
- AI contribution
-
Front crash prevention systems are automated perception-and-braking systems. The within-model comparisons (FCW alone, FCW with AEB) and Volvo S60/XC60 comparison with other luxury midsize cars and SUVs (low-speed AEB) control for other factors. They show effectiveness as a rate, not any single avoided crash. Whether such systems count as AI is a definitional choice the sources do not settle.
Benefits
- Outcome identifiers
-
Not assessed
- Benefit
-
reduced rear-end striking crash involvement rates by 27%, 43% and 50%
- Category
-
Increased Product Safety
- Status
-
Not assessed
- Beneficiary groups
-
Society. People.
- Beneficiaries
-
Not assessed
- Reach
-
Not assessed
- Distribution and access
-
Not assessed
- Duration
-
Not assessed
- Expected?
-
Yes
- Costs and harms
-
Not assessed
Measurement
- Studies
-
Not assessed
- Study design
-
Not assessed
- Measurement
-
Not assessed
- Setting and sample
-
Not assessed
- Measures
-
reduced rear-end striking crash involvement rates by 27%, 43% and 50%
- Comparison
-
the same vehicle models where the optional systems were not purchased (and comparable luxury vehicles without standard low-speed AEB)
- Results
-
Reference: the same models where the optional systems were not purchased. Result: reduced rear-end striking crash involvement rates by 27%, 43%, and 50%, respectively.
- Additional value from AI
-
Not assessed
- Limitations
-
Not assessed
- Denominators
-
Not assessed
- Materials for replication
-
Not assessed
Money
- Kind of value
-
Not assessed
- Amount
-
Not assessed
- Currency and prices
-
Not assessed
- Period and unit
-
Not assessed
- Realization
-
Not assessed
- Recipients and payers
-
Not assessed
- Gross or net
-
Not assessed
- Included costs
-
Not assessed
- Comparison
-
Not assessed
- Method
-
Not assessed
- Return and payback
-
Not assessed
People and places
- Participants
-
Not assessed
- Jurisdictions
-
Not assessed
- Ownership and control
-
Not assessed
- Dependencies
-
Not assessed
- Cross-border connections
-
Not assessed
- Geopolitical implications
-
Not assessed
Follow-up
- Conditions for replication
-
FCW and FCW+AEB comparisons use the same vehicle models with and without the optional system, controlling for other crash-risk factors. The low-speed AEB comparison uses Volvo S60/XC60 models against other luxury midsize cars and SUVs without the system. Results are rates per insured vehicle year, not individual events.
- Replication attempts
-
Not assessed
- Later findings
-
9 May 2024. NHTSA adopted FMVSS No. 127 on 9 May 2024, requiring automatic emergency braking, including pedestrian AEB, on all new light vehicles.
- Availability
-
Not assessed
- Institutional decision
-
Not assessed
- Grounds
-
Not assessed
- Action and result
-
Not assessed
- Success criterion
-
Not assessed
Evidence
- Source numbers
-
AIBD-0008-source-0001–0002
- Citations
-
Numbered references below.
- Language
-
Not assessed
- Source relationships
-
The IIHS paper reports the crash-rate estimates. Its bibliography page is another version of the same work. NHTSA cited that research when adopting a later rule. [1] [2]
- Original evidence
-
The IIHS paper reports the crash-rate estimates. Its bibliography page is another version of the same work. NHTSA cited that research when adopting a later rule. [1] [2]
- Access and versions
-
Not assessed
- Supported findings
-
Not assessed
- Evidence links
-
Not assessed
- Evidence strength
-
Not assessed
- Missing evidence
-
Not assessed
Grades
- Assessed benefits
-
Society. People.
- Depth
-
Not assessed
- Reasons
-
Society: The study reports cohort-level rate reductions, not an individually attributable outcome. People: The study reports cohort-level rate reductions without individually attributable outcomes.
- Observed or intended
-
Not assessed
- Rubric
-
Not assessed
- Assessor and date
-
Not assessed
- Alternative assessments
-
Not assessed
- Fill
-
Independently studied
Entry details
- Kind
-
Not assessed
- Related entries
-
Automatic emergency braking on passenger cars: Nissan's AEB false positives caused abrupt braking that endangered its drivers and other traffic participants, the road users whose rear-end crash rates FCW and AEB reduced in the IIHS data.
Nissan's "Automatic Emergency Braking" False Positives Posed Traffic Risks to Drivers
- Field
-
Road vehicle crash avoidance. Automotive.
- Purpose
-
Built to warn drivers and brake automatically when a frontal collision is imminent. The measured reduction in rear-end striking crashes is that purpose.
- Dates
-
Date basis unassessed: 2017 (precision unassessed). Updated: 25 October 2026.
- Stage
-
Not assessed
- Version
-
SHA-256: df8e8ec80818…
References
- Other identifiers
-
AI Incident Database: 341.
- Category mappings
-
Not assessed
- Brief
-
Not assessed
- Revisions
-
8 revisions. Latest: 25 October 2026.
Sources
-
Peer-reviewed study Independent author
Cicchino, J.B. (2017). Effectiveness of forward collision warning and autonomous emergency braking systems in reducing front-to-rear crash rates. Accident Analysis and Prevention 99:142–152. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2016.11.009.
Original estimates for rear-end striking and injury crashes. Abstract; methods and results; Table 3.
Independent observational study by Jessica Cicchino at IIHS.
The same work, not another study. An institutional access page for the same 2017 study. Bibliographic record and abstract.
The same work, not another study.
FCW alone, low-speed AEB, and FCW with AEB reduced rear-end striking crash involvement rates by 27%, 43%, and 50%, respectively.
-
Regulatory document Independent author Context or contrary evidence
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Automatic Emergency Braking Systems for Light Vehicles. Final rule, 89 FR 39686, 9 May 2024 (FR Doc. 2024-09054).
The later mandate and its use of published crash research. Final rule, § VI; pp. 39716–39717.
A regulatory instrument; contextual to the study result.
Collections: Scrutiny and findings.