{"id":"AIBD-1164","title":"Assessors for India's HTAIn estimate that DeepCxR saves 51,330 rupees per 1,000 people screened for TB but classifies fewer cases correctly","summary":"Assessors for India's HTAIn estimated that DeepCxR saves 51,330 rupees per 1,000 people screened for TB against radiologists, with specificity of 62.6% against 89%.","date_observed":"2026-08-01","date_basis":"source publication","date_precision":"month","benefit_status":"mixed","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the Department of Health Research (DHR) and the Institute for Plasma Research jointly developed DeepCxR, according to ICMR's portal. The tool reads chest X-rays with AI-driven pattern recognition to flag abnormalities related to tuberculosis (TB). The Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar assessed it as a resource hub of Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn). HTAIn, which published the brief in August 2026, is part of DHR. The brief models the screening of 1,000 adults with presumptive TB. DeepCxR had a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 62.6%, against 87% and 89% for radiologists reading digital X-rays. It detected 128.78 true TB cases per 1,000 screened, against 130.5. It produced 318 false positives against 94 and made 227 fewer correct classifications per 1,000. In the model, screening cost 247,747 rupees with DeepCxR and 299,077 rupees with radiologists, a saving of 51,330 rupees. The brief recommends the tool as a triage step before confirmatory nucleic acid amplification tests. It does not attribute its accuracy figures to a named study.","category":"aggregate result","unexpected":false,"purpose":"ICMR, DHR and the Institute for Plasma Research built DeepCxR to sort chest X-rays into normal and abnormal and to flag findings such as TB in screening of high-risk groups.","system":"DeepCxR (AI-assisted chest X-ray interpretation for TB screening)","model_version":null,"developer":"Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research (DHR) and Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India","deployer":"India's National TB Elimination Program (NTEP), as the program that HTAIn modeled (no deployment described)","location":"India","domain":"Healthcare","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Reduced Task Cost","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.1"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":null,"reason":"The saving is a modeled estimate per 1,000 people screened, and the brief reports no saving realized in a screening program."}],"ai_role":{"status":"assessed","statement":"The model sets screening with DeepCxR against radiologists reading digital X-rays, which isolates the tool's part, though only in a model. The brief does not attribute its accuracy inputs to a named study. It describes AI-driven pattern recognition, and neither the brief nor ICMR's portal says that the tool learns from data."},"evidence":[{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Resource Hub for Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Health Technology Assessment of AI-Assisted (DeepCXR) Chest X-Ray Interpretation for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Screening. Policy brief, August 2026. Conclusion, p. 2. DHR, which runs HTAIn, co-developed DeepCxR.","title":"Health Technology Assessment of AI-Assisted (DeepCXR) Chest X-Ray Interpretation for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Screening (Policy Brief)","url":"https://htain.dhr.gov.in/images/pdf/Policy_Briefs/AI-Assisted_Chest_X-Ray_for_Pulmonary_Tuberculosis.pdf","date":null,"written_by":"evaluator","quote":"DeepCxR is less effective (85.9% Sensitivity and 62.6% Specificity), but also less costly (51,330 INR cost- saving per 1000 individuals screened) than standard radiologist interpretation."},{"kind":"other","citation":"Indian Council of Medical Research. About AI4CXR: Artificial Intelligence tool for Chest X-ray Screening, ICMR AI4TB X-ray Portal. Read on 1 November 2026.","title":"About AI4CXR | ICMR AI4TB X-ray Portal","url":"https://ai4cxr.icmr.org.in/about","date":null,"written_by":"makers","quote":"The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research (DHR), and the Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, have jointly developed an artificial intelligence tool, DeepCxR version 1.1, to be used as a chest X-ray screening tool.","supports_benefit":false}],"replication":{"produced_by":["DeepCxR read digital chest X-rays of adults with presumptive TB and flagged TB-related abnormalities.","The model compared the costs and correct classifications of DeepCxR and of radiologists for 1,000 people screened."],"must_hold":["People screened are adults with presumptive TB, with cough or fever for more than 2 weeks, weight loss or coughing up blood.","Confirmatory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests follow a positive reading.","Health services accept more false positives in exchange for the saving."],"echoes":[]},"paired_incident":null,"headline":"*DeepCxR* would cut TB screening costs at some loss of accuracy","metric":"51,330 rupees per 1,000 people screened","comparator":{"against":"Radiologists' interpretation of digital chest X-rays, modeled for 1,000 adults with presumptive TB","before":"Sensitivity 87%, specificity 89%, cost 299,077 INR per 1,000 screened","after":"85.9% Sensitivity and 62.6% Specificity, cost 247,747 INR per 1,000 screened","basis":"assumed","quote":"DeepCxR is less effective (85.9% Sensitivity and 62.6% Specificity), but also less costly (51,330 INR cost- saving per 1000 individuals screened) than standard radiologist interpretation.","url":"https://htain.dhr.gov.in/images/pdf/Policy_Briefs/AI-Assisted_Chest_X-Ray_for_Pulmonary_Tuberculosis.pdf"},"later":null,"value":{"amount":"51,330 INR","what":"Modeled cost saving per 1,000 individuals screened for TB, against radiologist interpretation","who":"India's TB screening services","estimate":true,"quote":"DeepCxR is less effective (85.9% Sensitivity and 62.6% Specificity), but also less costly (51,330 INR cost- saving per 1000 individuals screened) than standard radiologist interpretation.","url":"https://htain.dhr.gov.in/images/pdf/Policy_Briefs/AI-Assisted_Chest_X-Ray_for_Pulmonary_Tuberculosis.pdf"},"developer_country":"India","deployer_country":"India","unrated_because":"The cost saving comes from a decision model, and the brief describes no screening that used the tool, so no realized outcome is reported for any group.","brief_notes":null,"brief":null,"revisions":[{"date":"2026-11-01","change":"Added the record from the finding of Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn) and its resource hub at the Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar.","source":"https://htain.dhr.gov.in/images/pdf/Policy_Briefs/AI-Assisted_Chest_X-Ray_for_Pulmonary_Tuberculosis.pdf","editor":"AIBD"}],"confidence":"claimed","shade":"low","claim_status":"The evaluator's account","claim_basis":"Sources: the makers' other source and the evaluators' assessment report. 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