{"id":"AIBD-1145","title":"India's CAG used e-challans from Bengaluru's AI-camera ITMS to find that 52 of 300 sampled vehicles were on the road after their registration lapsed","summary":"India's CAG matched registry samples against e-challans from Bengaluru's AI-camera traffic system and found that 52 of 300 vehicles with lapsed registration, or 17.33%, were on the road.","date_observed":"2026-01-01","date_basis":"source publication","date_precision":"year","benefit_status":"reported","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"Bengaluru's Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) uses AI-powered cameras, sensors and adaptive traffic control to monitor and enforce traffic rules, and it generates e-challans. India's Comptroller and Auditor General used those e-challans in an audit of Karnataka's regional transport offices, published in 2026. The auditors drew 300 vehicles with lapsed registration from the VAHAN registry at three Bengaluru offices. When they matched them against ITMS e-challans, 52 vehicles (17.33%) turned out to be on the road one to three years after their registration expired. With the same method, they found that 16 of 90 sampled vehicles (18%) ran on expired fitness certificates. They also found that 12 of 167 sampled tax defaulters (7%) still plied. They limited the tax check to Bengaluru because AI cameras capturing vehicle movements were not available in other districts. The auditors found that the Transport Department had not shared defaulter lists with the traffic police. The report does not describe the cameras' software.","category":"aggregate result","unexpected":true,"purpose":"A developer that the report does not name built Karnataka's Intelligent Traffic Management System to monitor, manage and enforce traffic rules with AI-powered cameras, sensors and adaptive traffic control. The auditors put its e-challan records to a second use.","system":"Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) with AI-powered cameras","model_version":null,"developer":"Not named in the report","deployer":"Bengaluru traffic enforcement through Karnataka's Intelligent Traffic Management System (the report does not name the agency that runs it)","location":"Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","domain":"Motor vehicle registration and tax enforcement","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Improved Knowledge Discovery","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.1","4.A.3.b.6"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":2,"reason":"The e-challans let the auditors show that 52 of 300 vehicles with lapsed registration, 16 of 90 with expired fitness certificates and 12 of 167 tax defaulters were on the road."},{"group":"societal","depth":null,"reason":"The report does not say that any vehicle was stopped or any fee or tax recovered as a result."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"The auditors used ITMS e-challans as evidence of vehicle movements and did not test the cameras. In a footnote, the report describes ITMS as using AI-powered cameras, sensors and adaptive traffic control systems, and it gives no model details. The report does not show that the cameras learn from data."},"evidence":[{"kind":"audit report","citation":"Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Report on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka, Report No. 3 of 2026. Chapter V, Subject Specific Compliance Audit on Functioning of Regional Transport Offices in Karnataka. Paragraph 5.4.3.2 and footnote 87, report pp. 74-75. The auditors cross-checked the VAHAN sample against ITMS e-challans themselves.","title":"Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka (Report No. 3 of 2026)","url":"https://d1jmc0u14z2tmp.cloudfront.net/uploads/download_audit_report/2026/Report-of-the-Comptroller-and-Auditor-General-of-India-on-State-Revenues-for-the-period-ended-March-2024--Report-No.-3-of-2026-069c60d8a133e16.82085064.pdf","date":null,"written_by":"independent","quote":"Audit randomly selected 300 vehicles from three Bengaluru RTOs from the VAHAN database. These were cross-verified with e-challans generated from the Intelligent Traffic Management System87. The analysis showed that 52 vehicles (17.33 per cent) were on the road one to three years after RC expiry."},{"kind":"audit report","citation":"Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Report on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka, Report No. 3 of 2026. Chapter V, Subject Specific Compliance Audit on Functioning of Regional Transport Offices in Karnataka. Paragraph 5.4.6.4(b) and footnote 119, report p. 90. The sample of 167 vehicles was limited to Bengaluru, where AI cameras capture vehicle movements.","title":"Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka (Report No. 3 of 2026)","url":"https://d1jmc0u14z2tmp.cloudfront.net/uploads/download_audit_report/2026/Report-of-the-Comptroller-and-Auditor-General-of-India-on-State-Revenues-for-the-period-ended-March-2024--Report-No.-3-of-2026-069c60d8a133e16.82085064.pdf","date":null,"written_by":"independent","quote":"defaulting vehicles in five RTOs with E-challan data showed that 12 vehicles (7 per cent) continued to ply on roads."},{"kind":"audit report","citation":"Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Report on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka, Report No. 3 of 2026. Chapter V, Subject Specific Compliance Audit on Functioning of Regional Transport Offices in Karnataka. Paragraph 5.4.6.4(b), report p. 90. The auditors found that the Transport Department had not used such data with the police.","title":"Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka (Report No. 3 of 2026)","url":"https://d1jmc0u14z2tmp.cloudfront.net/uploads/download_audit_report/2026/Report-of-the-Comptroller-and-Auditor-General-of-India-on-State-Revenues-for-the-period-ended-March-2024--Report-No.-3-of-2026-069c60d8a133e16.82085064.pdf","date":null,"written_by":"independent","quote":"Further, sharing the list of tax defaulters with the Traffic Police could help in verification of such vehicles' operations. However, no such action was taken by the RTOs or the Department.","supports_benefit":false}],"replication":{"produced_by":["AI-powered ITMS cameras in Bengaluru captured vehicle movements and generated e-challans for traffic violations.","The auditors drew random samples from the VAHAN registry and matched them against the e-challans."],"must_hold":["The vehicles must be registered where AI cameras capture vehicle movements, which held only for Bengaluru.","The Transport Department must share such data with the police for the findings to lead to enforcement."],"echoes":[]},"paired_incident":null,"headline":"*ITMS* e-challans help auditors spot Bengaluru's unregistered vehicles","metric":"52 vehicles (17.33%)","comparator":null,"later":null,"value":null,"developer_country":null,"deployer_country":"India","unrated_because":null,"brief_notes":null,"brief":null,"revisions":[{"date":"2026-11-01","change":"Added the record from the finding of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.","source":"https://d1jmc0u14z2tmp.cloudfront.net/uploads/download_audit_report/2026/Report-of-the-Comptroller-and-Auditor-General-of-India-on-State-Revenues-for-the-period-ended-March-2024--Report-No.-3-of-2026-069c60d8a133e16.82085064.pdf","editor":"AIBD"}],"confidence":"found","shade":"high","claim_status":"Found by an auditor","claim_basis":"Sources: one independent audit report. 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Report on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka, Report No. 3 of 2026. Chapter V, Subject Specific Compliance Audit on Functioning of Regional Transport Offices in Karnataka. Paragraph 5.4.3.2 and footnote 87, report pp. 74-75. The auditors cross-checked the VAHAN sample against ITMS e-challans themselves.","title":"Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka (Report No. 3 of 2026)","url":"https://d1jmc0u14z2tmp.cloudfront.net/uploads/download_audit_report/2026/Report-of-the-Comptroller-and-Auditor-General-of-India-on-State-Revenues-for-the-period-ended-March-2024--Report-No.-3-of-2026-069c60d8a133e16.82085064.pdf","written_by":"independent","quote":"Audit randomly selected 300 vehicles from three Bengaluru RTOs from the VAHAN database. These were cross-verified with e-challans generated from the Intelligent Traffic Management System87. The analysis showed that 52 vehicles (17.33 per cent) were on the road one to three years after RC expiry."},{"kind":"audit report","citation":"Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Report on State Revenues for the period ended March 2024, Government of Karnataka, Report No. 3 of 2026. Chapter V, Subject Specific Compliance Audit on Functioning of Regional Transport Offices in Karnataka. Paragraph 5.4.6.4(b) and footnote 119, report p. 90. 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