{"id":"AIBD-1139","title":"Paraná's Court of Justice upheld a duty to repair Atlantic Forest after its expert dated the clearing with MapBiomas land-cover maps","summary":"A court-appointed expert used MapBiomas land-cover maps to date a clearing on a Palmas estate to 2005. In August 2025 Paraná's Court of Justice upheld the duty to repair the damage.","date_observed":"2025-08-05","date_basis":"source publication","date_precision":"day","benefit_status":"reported","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"MapBiomas publishes yearly land-cover maps of Brazil from 1985, made by classifying Landsat images pixel by pixel with machine-learning algorithms. In 2017 an operation of the environmental police and state prosecutors found 63.76 ha of Atlantic Forest cleared on an estate in Palmas, Paraná. For one area, the police noted that they could not tell when the clearing had happened. In the civil action that followed, a court-appointed expert visited the site and compared historical Google Earth images with MapBiomas maps. The expert dated one clearing to 2005. The expert also found that land use had kept the forest from regrowing after 2008, when the company bought the estate. On 5 August 2025 the Court of Justice of Paraná relied on that report. It rejected the defense that the area had been consolidated farmland before July 2008 and upheld the duty to repair. It cut collective moral damages from R$100,000 to R$70,000. The court did not assess the maps' accuracy, and the expert also used the site visit and other imagery.","category":"benefit created","unexpected":false,"purpose":"MapBiomas built its land-cover collection to map land cover and land use across Brazil for each year from Landsat images.","system":"MapBiomas annual land use and land cover maps (MapBiomas Brasil collection)","model_version":null,"developer":"MapBiomas","deployer":"A court-appointed expert (perito) in the Ministério Público do Paraná's civil action before the Palmas district court","location":"Palmas, Paraná, Brazil","domain":"Environmental enforcement: Atlantic Forest clearing","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Improved Knowledge Discovery","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.1","4.A.1.b.3"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":2,"reason":"The maps let the court's expert date clearing that the police could not date, and the court relied on that dating to uphold the duty to repair."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"The decision does not isolate the maps' part, since the expert combined them with a site visit and historical Google Earth images. MapBiomas states that its yearly maps come from pixel-by-pixel classification of Landsat images with machine-learning algorithms in Google Earth Engine. The court did not examine the maps' accuracy."},"evidence":[{"kind":"court document","citation":"Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná (TJPR), 4ª Câmara Cível. Apelação Cível nº 0000313-27.2021.8.16.0123 (Palmas), Rel. Des. Wellington Emanuel Coimbra de Moura. Judgment of 5 August 2025, published 11 August 2025. Appeal partly granted: the duty to repair was upheld and collective moral damages were cut to R$70,000.","title":"Apelação Cível nº 0000313-27.2021.8.16.0123 (Palmas), Rel. Des. 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Todo processo é feito com extensivos algoritmos de aprendizagem de máquina (machine learning) através da plataforma Google Earth Engine","supports_benefit":false}],"replication":{"produced_by":["A court-appointed expert visited the site and compared historical Google Earth images with MapBiomas land-cover maps.","The expert read the year-by-year land-cover classes to date the clearing and the land use that followed."],"must_hold":["The yearly maps must cover the years in dispute.","The court must accept the expert's dating when the site itself gives no date for the clearing."],"echoes":[]},"paired_incident":null,"headline":"Court expert dates a Paraná forest clearing with *MapBiomas* maps","metric":"dated one clearing to 2005","comparator":null,"later":null,"value":null,"developer_country":"Brazil","deployer_country":"Brazil","unrated_because":null,"brief_notes":null,"brief":null,"revisions":[{"date":"2026-11-01","change":"Added the record from the finding of the Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná.","source":"https://portal.tjpr.jus.br/jurisprudencia/j/4100000032533141/Ac%C3%B3rd%C3%A3o-0000313-27.2021.8.16.0123","editor":"AIBD"}],"confidence":"found","shade":"high","claim_status":"Found by a court","claim_basis":"Sources: one independent court document and the makers' other source. 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