{"id":"AIBD-1107","title":"IIHS rates the pedestrian braking of the 2019 Volvo XC40 superior after it avoided the crossing adult dummy at 12 and 25 mph","summary":"In IIHS tests published on 21 February 2019, the 2019 Volvo XC40 avoided the crossing adult dummy at 12 and 25 mph and the child at 12 mph. IIHS rated its pedestrian braking superior.","date_observed":"2019-02-21","date_basis":"source publication","date_precision":"day","benefit_status":"reported","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is an independent nonprofit funded by auto insurers. On 21 February 2019, it published its first ratings of automatic braking for pedestrians, for 11 small SUVs. Pedestrian detection is standard on the 2019 Volvo XC40, through a system that IIHS lists as Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake. IIHS ran three track scenarios: a child running out from behind parked cars, an adult crossing and an adult walking along the road. The XC40 avoided the crossing adult at 12 and 25 mph and the child at 12 mph. At 25 mph it cut its impact speed with the child by 23 mph. It avoided the walking adult at 25 mph and cut its impact speed by 35 mph at 37 mph. Its warning came 2 seconds before impact, just short of the 2.1 seconds that IIHS credits. IIHS rated it superior, with three other small SUVs. IIHS does not say whether the detection learns from data. No crash avoided on public roads is reported.","category":"aggregate result","unexpected":false,"purpose":"Volvo Cars built Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake to warn the driver and brake automatically when a collision with a pedestrian or another vehicle is imminent.","system":"Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake (with pedestrian detection), as fitted to the 2019 Volvo XC40","model_version":null,"developer":"Volvo Cars","deployer":"Volvo Cars (standard on the 2019 XC40)","location":"United States","domain":"Road vehicle crash avoidance","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Increased Product Safety","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.1","4.A.3.a.4"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"societal","depth":null,"reason":"Pedestrians stand to gain, but IIHS reports track tests with dummies and no crash outcomes."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"IIHS tested the XC40 with its system on and ran no test without it, so the results describe the system on the track. IIHS writes that algorithms in such systems classify objects as people, bicyclists or animals and predict their travel paths. It does not say whether these algorithms learn from data, and neither IIHS document shows that they do. IIHS does not name the XC40's sensors or their supplier."},"evidence":[{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. New ratings address pedestrian crashes. News release, 21 February 2019, section When seconds count.","title":"New ratings address pedestrian crashes","url":"https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/new-ratings-address-pedestrian-crashes","date":"2019-02-21","written_by":"independent","quote":"The XC40 avoided the adult dummy in the 12 mph and 25 mph tests and avoided the child dummy in the 12 mph test."},{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. 2019 Volvo XC40 4-door SUV, front crash prevention: pedestrian (day), standard Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake. Vehicle ratings page, rating for 2019-22 models, read on 1 November 2026.","title":"2019 Volvo XC40","url":"https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/volvo/xc40-4-door-suv/2019","date":null,"written_by":"independent","quote":"In the 37 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 35 mph. A warning was issued 2 seconds before impact."}],"replication":{"produced_by":["Pedestrian detection was standard on the 2019 XC40.","IIHS scored the average speed reduction over five runs of each test on dry pavement.","The crossing tests ran at 12 and 25 mph and the walking-adult test at 25 and 37 mph."],"must_hold":["The pedestrian is in one of the tested situations, such as crossing in front of the car or walking in its lane.","The rating applies to 2019-22 XC40 models."],"echoes":[]},"paired_incident":null,"headline":"The XC40's *Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake* rates superior","metric":"avoided the crossing adult dummy at 12 and 25 mph","comparator":{"against":"The seven small SUVs rated below superior in the same IIHS tests","before":"Advanced for five models, basic for the Outlander and no credit for the X1","after":"The 2018-19 Honda CR-V, 2019 Subaru Forester, 2019 Toyota RAV4 and 2019 Volvo XC40 earn the highest rating of superior.","basis":"measured","quote":"The 2018-19 Honda CR-V, 2019 Subaru Forester, 2019 Toyota RAV4 and 2019 Volvo XC40 earn the highest rating of superior. Five models earn an advanced rating. They are the 2019 Chevrolet Equinox, 2018-19 Hyundai Kona, 2019 Kia Sportage, 2018-19 Mazda CX-5 and 2019 Nissan Rogue. The 2019 Mitsubishi Outlander is rated basic, and the 2018-19 BMW X1 doesn't receive any credit for a rating.","url":"https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/new-ratings-address-pedestrian-crashes"},"later":null,"value":null,"developer_country":"Sweden","deployer_country":"Sweden","unrated_because":"IIHS measured the braking in track tests, and no crash avoided on public roads is reported.","brief_notes":null,"brief":null,"revisions":[{"date":"2026-11-01","change":"Added the record from the finding of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.","source":"https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/new-ratings-address-pedestrian-crashes","editor":"AIBD"}],"confidence":"found","shade":"high","claim_status":"Found by an assessment body","claim_basis":"Sources: two independent assessment reports. 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New ratings address pedestrian crashes. News release, 21 February 2019, section When seconds count.","title":"New ratings address pedestrian crashes","url":"https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/new-ratings-address-pedestrian-crashes","date":"2019-02-21","written_by":"independent","quote":"The XC40 avoided the adult dummy in the 12 mph and 25 mph tests and avoided the child dummy in the 12 mph test."},{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. 2019 Volvo XC40 4-door SUV, front crash prevention: pedestrian (day), standard Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake. Vehicle ratings page, rating for 2019-22 models, read on 1 November 2026.","title":"2019 Volvo XC40","url":"https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/volvo/xc40-4-door-suv/2019","written_by":"independent","quote":"In the 37 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 35 mph. A warning was issued 2 seconds before impact."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].upstream_sources":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"strategic_assessments[]":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"strategic assessments"},"summary":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"summary":"In IIHS tests published on 21 February 2019, the 2019 Volvo XC40 avoided the crossing adult dummy at 12 and 25 mph and the child at 12 mph. IIHS rated its pedestrian braking superior.","account":"The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is an independent nonprofit funded by auto insurers. On 21 February 2019, it published its first ratings of automatic braking for pedestrians, for 11 small SUVs. Pedestrian detection is standard on the 2019 Volvo XC40, through a system that IIHS lists as Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake. IIHS ran three track scenarios: a child running out from behind parked cars, an adult crossing and an adult walking along the road. The XC40 avoided the crossing adult at 12 and 25 mph and the child at 12 mph. At 25 mph it cut its impact speed with the child by 23 mph. It avoided the walking adult at 25 mph and cut its impact speed by 35 mph at 37 mph. Its warning came 2 seconds before impact, just short of the 2.1 seconds that IIHS credits. IIHS rated it superior, with three other small SUVs. IIHS does not say whether the detection learns from data. No crash avoided on public roads is reported."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["summary","account"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].autonomy_permissions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].component_role":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].deployment_configuration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].inputs_outputs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_name":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].product_name":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"system":"Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake (with pedestrian detection), as fitted to the 2019 Volvo XC40"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["system"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].provider":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"taxonomy_crosswalks[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"title":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"title":"IIHS rates the pedestrian braking of the 2019 Volvo XC40 superior after it avoided the crossing adult dummy at 12 and 25 mph","headline":"The XC40's *Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake* rates superior"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["title","headline"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["fd1b450bf7323e18694e3e4211e8de9cf2c9ef9f8ff71475c789fe78d1275c32"],"role":"SHA-256 of the complete public record and its assessments"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"SHA-256 of the public record, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"workflow":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is an independent nonprofit funded by auto insurers. On 21 February 2019, it published its first ratings of automatic braking for pedestrians, for 11 small SUVs. Pedestrian detection is standard on the 2019 Volvo XC40, through a system that IIHS lists as Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake. IIHS ran three track scenarios: a child running out from behind parked cars, an adult crossing and an adult walking along the road. The XC40 avoided the crossing adult at 12 and 25 mph and the child at 12 mph. At 25 mph it cut its impact speed with the child by 23 mph. It avoided the walking adult at 25 mph and cut its impact speed by 35 mph at 37 mph. Its warning came 2 seconds before impact, just short of the 2.1 seconds that IIHS credits. IIHS rated it superior, with three other small SUVs. IIHS does not say whether the detection learns from data. No crash avoided on public roads is reported.","replication":{"produced_by":["Pedestrian detection was standard on the 2019 XC40.","IIHS scored the average speed reduction over five runs of each test on dry pavement.","The crossing tests ran at 12 and 25 mph and the walking-adult test at 25 and 37 mph."],"must_hold":["The pedestrian is in one of the tested situations, such as crossing in front of the car or walking in its lane.","The rating applies to 2019-22 XC40 models."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"}},"summary":{"total":91,"addressed":91,"known":27,"reviewed":2,"reviewed_complete":2,"reviewed_partial":0,"record_mapped":25,"review_not_assessed":64,"not_assessed":0,"complete":false,"by_state":{"value_present":27,"not_reported":0,"unresolved":64,"not_assessed":0,"not_applicable":0,"withheld":0,"source_unavailable":0}}},"presentation_version":"88e5cf383ae17bb3c8905f9b1b5e74e8cbca5526ea19a77af057b8b874902329"}