{"id":"AIBD-0978","title":"IIHS researchers find that EyeSight on a 2023 Subaru Forester hit a crossing mannequin at night in 2% of trials, against 84% and 88% for two rivals","summary":"In IIHS night tests reported in November 2024, a 2023 Subaru Forester with EyeSight hit a crossing mannequin in 2% of trials. A Honda CR-V hit it in 84% and a Mazda CX-5 in 88%.","date_observed":"2024-11-01","date_basis":"source publication","date_precision":"month","benefit_status":"reported","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"David Kidd and Watson Spivey of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) tested pedestrian automatic emergency braking at night on a track. They used a 2023 Mazda CX-5, a 2023 Honda CR-V and a 2023 Subaru Forester. An adult-sized mannequin crossed the road as each car approached at 40 km/h. It wore black clothing, black with a reflective jacket, black with reflective strips on its limbs or white clothing. Light towers gave 0, 10 or 20 lux in the crosswalk. The cars used low beams throughout and high beams with the mannequin in black and no roadway lighting. A collision occurred in 2% of trials with the Forester, 84% with the CR-V and 88% with the CX-5. IIHS reports that the Forester's one collision came with reflective strips under 10 lux and that it still slowed by more than 80%. The CR-V and CX-5 did not slow at all for the reflective strips. Traffic Injury Prevention published the study in November 2024, and IIHS described it on 9 January 2025. IIHS lists EyeSight as standard on the Forester. No crash avoided on public roads is reported.","category":"aggregate result","unexpected":false,"purpose":"Subaru built EyeSight to warn the driver and brake automatically when a collision with a pedestrian ahead is likely.","system":"EyeSight pedestrian automatic emergency braking, as fitted to the 2023 Subaru Forester","model_version":null,"developer":"Subaru","deployer":"Subaru (standard on the 2023 Forester)","location":"United States","domain":"Road vehicle crash avoidance","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Increased Product Safety","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.1","4.A.3.a.4"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"societal","depth":null,"reason":"Pedestrians stand to gain, but the researchers report track tests with a mannequin and no crash outcomes."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"Kidd and Spivey compared the Forester with two other 2023 models in the same trials and ran no trial without a system. They suggest that the hardware of such systems may be insufficient or their detection algorithms too brittle for pedestrians at night. They do not describe how EyeSight detects pedestrians, and none of the documents shows that it learns from data."},"evidence":[{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Kidd, D. G. and Spivey, W. A case study of nighttime pedestrian automatic emergency braking performance under different roadway lighting and pedestrian clothing conditions. Traffic Injury Prevention, November 2024. 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Cited for the name of the standard system.","title":"2023 Subaru Forester 4-door SUV","url":"https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/subaru/forester-4-door-suv/2023","written_by":"independent","quote":"Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night) System details standard EyeSight","supports_benefit":false}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].id":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["AIBD-0978-source-0001","AIBD-0978-source-0002","AIBD-0978-source-0003"],"role":"Existing evidence items, in their original order"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"sources[].language":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].relationship":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"evidence":[{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Kidd, D. G. and Spivey, W. A case study of nighttime pedestrian automatic emergency braking performance under different roadway lighting and pedestrian clothing conditions. Traffic Injury Prevention, November 2024. Abstract in the IIHS research bibliography.","title":"A case study of nighttime pedestrian automatic emergency braking performance under different roadway lighting and pedestrian clothing conditions","url":"https://www.iihs.org/research-areas/bibliography/ref/2304","date":"2024-11-01","written_by":"independent","quote":"A collision occurred in 84% of trials with the CR-V, 88% of trials with the CX-5, and 2% of trials with the Forester."},{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. High-visibility clothing may thwart pedestrian crash prevention sensors. News release, 9 January 2025.","title":"High-visibility clothing may thwart pedestrian crash prevention sensors","url":"https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/high-visibility-clothing-may-thwart-pedestrian-crash-prevention-sensors","date":"2025-01-09","written_by":"independent","quote":"In contrast to the two other vehicles, the Subaru came to a complete stop without hitting the pedestrian dummy in every trial except one run in which the dummy was wearing clothing with reflective strips and the roadway was illuminated to 10 lux. Even in that run, it slowed by more than 80%."},{"kind":"assessment report","citation":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. 2023 Subaru Forester 4-door SUV, front crash prevention: pedestrian (night). Vehicle ratings page, read on 1 November 2026. Cited for the name of the standard system.","title":"2023 Subaru Forester 4-door SUV","url":"https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/subaru/forester-4-door-suv/2023","written_by":"independent","quote":"Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night) System details standard EyeSight","supports_benefit":false}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].upstream_sources":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"strategic_assessments[]":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"strategic assessments"},"summary":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"summary":"In IIHS night tests reported in November 2024, a 2023 Subaru Forester with EyeSight hit a crossing mannequin in 2% of trials. A Honda CR-V hit it in 84% and a Mazda CX-5 in 88%.","account":"David Kidd and Watson Spivey of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) tested pedestrian automatic emergency braking at night on a track. They used a 2023 Mazda CX-5, a 2023 Honda CR-V and a 2023 Subaru Forester. An adult-sized mannequin crossed the road as each car approached at 40 km/h. It wore black clothing, black with a reflective jacket, black with reflective strips on its limbs or white clothing. Light towers gave 0, 10 or 20 lux in the crosswalk. The cars used low beams throughout and high beams with the mannequin in black and no roadway lighting. A collision occurred in 2% of trials with the Forester, 84% with the CR-V and 88% with the CX-5. IIHS reports that the Forester's one collision came with reflective strips under 10 lux and that it still slowed by more than 80%. The CR-V and CX-5 did not slow at all for the reflective strips. Traffic Injury Prevention published the study in November 2024, and IIHS described it on 9 January 2025. IIHS lists EyeSight as standard on the Forester. No crash avoided on public roads is reported."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["summary","account"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].autonomy_permissions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].component_role":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].deployment_configuration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].inputs_outputs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_name":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].product_name":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"system":"EyeSight pedestrian automatic emergency braking, as fitted to the 2023 Subaru Forester"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["system"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].provider":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"taxonomy_crosswalks[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"title":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"title":"IIHS researchers find that EyeSight on a 2023 Subaru Forester hit a crossing mannequin at night in 2% of trials, against 84% and 88% for two rivals","headline":"*EyeSight* on a Forester hit a crossing dummy at night in 2% of trials"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["title","headline"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["119dd1898cf7f514ee527aa6cd7a31b0821207a79ea41f89a5d83c719fbd5bdc"],"role":"SHA-256 of the complete public record and its assessments"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"SHA-256 of the public record, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"workflow":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"David Kidd and Watson Spivey of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) tested pedestrian automatic emergency braking at night on a track. They used a 2023 Mazda CX-5, a 2023 Honda CR-V and a 2023 Subaru Forester. An adult-sized mannequin crossed the road as each car approached at 40 km/h. It wore black clothing, black with a reflective jacket, black with reflective strips on its limbs or white clothing. Light towers gave 0, 10 or 20 lux in the crosswalk. The cars used low beams throughout and high beams with the mannequin in black and no roadway lighting. A collision occurred in 2% of trials with the Forester, 84% with the CR-V and 88% with the CX-5. IIHS reports that the Forester's one collision came with reflective strips under 10 lux and that it still slowed by more than 80%. The CR-V and CX-5 did not slow at all for the reflective strips. Traffic Injury Prevention published the study in November 2024, and IIHS described it on 9 January 2025. IIHS lists EyeSight as standard on the Forester. No crash avoided on public roads is reported.","replication":{"produced_by":["An adult-sized mannequin crossed the road as the car approached at 40 km/h.","The trials varied the mannequin's clothing and the roadway lighting at 0, 10 or 20 lux.","The car used its low beams in every combination and its high beams with the mannequin in black and no roadway lighting."],"must_hold":["The pedestrian crosses the car's path, since every trial used a perpendicular crossing at 40 km/h.","The pedestrian does not wear reflective strips on the limbs, since the Forester's one collision came with such strips under 10 lux."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"}},"summary":{"total":91,"addressed":91,"known":27,"reviewed":2,"reviewed_complete":2,"reviewed_partial":0,"record_mapped":25,"review_not_assessed":64,"not_assessed":0,"complete":false,"by_state":{"value_present":27,"not_reported":0,"unresolved":64,"not_assessed":0,"not_applicable":0,"withheld":0,"source_unavailable":0}}},"presentation_version":"bd2b7387dc7eeee86745f500687ed41d9b83e3a42e21becd58d801a2c4467c72"}