{"id":"AIBD-0843","title":"EPA finds that SmartCEM-75 software tracked NOx at Dearborn Industrial Generation closely enough to stand in for hardware analyzers","summary":"EPA found that SmartCEM-75 software matched a NOx analyzer on a Dearborn boiler over 720 hours. It estimated that on a turbine there the software would cost under half as much as an analyzer.","date_observed":"2006-09-06","date_basis":"source publication","date_precision":"day","benefit_status":"reported","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"Dearborn Industrial Generation (DIG) runs a power and steam plant in Dearborn, Michigan. It asked EPA to approve CMC Solutions' SmartCEM-75 predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) as the NOx monitor on its units. EPA describes the PEMS on boiler Unit BL1100 as neural-network software that turns boiler sensor readings into NOx values. The PEMS ran beside a certified analyzer for 720 operating hours in July and August 2004, including 98 hours of startup and shutdown. EPA found that its output passed all three statistical tests and approved it on 6 September 2006. EPA had given final approval to the PEMS on turbine Unit GTP1 on 5 April 2006. There a model trained on 40 hours of data was tested on the remaining 762 hours and passed EPA's own calculations. EPA estimated that monitoring GTP1 this way, with the extra audits it required, would cost less than half as much a year as an analyzer. The cost figures come from EPA's cost model. The letters report no change in emissions.","category":"aggregate result","unexpected":false,"purpose":"CMC Solutions built SmartCEM-75 to predict a unit's NOx emissions from its sensor readings so that the prediction can serve as the unit's emissions monitor.","system":"SmartCEM-75 predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS)","model_version":null,"developer":"CMC Solutions, L.L.C.","deployer":"Dearborn Industrial Generation (DIG), on boiler Unit BL1100 and turbine Unit GTP1","location":"Dearborn, Michigan, United States","domain":"Environment and climate","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Improved Task Accuracy","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.3","4.A.1.a.2"],"taxonomy_note":"The software matched a certified analyzer in EPA's tests and was approved to stand in for it. EPA did not find that it was more accurate than the analyzer. EPA estimated that it would cost less than half as much to run.","registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"EPA approved the software as the NOx monitor in place of hardware analyzers and estimated that it would cost less than half as much a year to run on Unit GTP1."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"EPA measured the software's accuracy against a certified analyzer over the same hours. It did not compare monitoring with and without the software in use, and the cost comparison is an estimate. EPA calls the BL1100 system neural-network software and the GTP1 system a hybrid statistical model trained on unit data."},"evidence":[{"kind":"regulatory document","citation":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Markets Division. Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System Installed on Unit BL1100 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088). Letter to Dearborn Industrial Generation, 6 September 2006.","title":"Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System Installed on Unit BL1100 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-bl1100-2006.9.6.pdf","date":"2006-09-06","written_by":"independent","quote":"The PEMS NOx lb/mmBtu output passed each of the three statistical tests for all unit operations."},{"kind":"regulatory document","citation":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Markets Division. Final Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) Installed on Unit GTP1 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088). Letter with attachments, 5 April 2006 (scanned copy).","title":"Final Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) Installed on Unit GTP1 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-gtp1-2006.4.5.pdf","date":"2006-04-05","written_by":"independent","quote":"the estimated annual cost of operating and maintaining a PEMS at Unit GTP1 using trained in-house staff and a portable analyzer would be less than half the cost associated with CEMS"}],"replication":{"produced_by":["DIG contracted CMC Solutions to collect the data for the 720-hour demonstration.","The certified analyzer on the unit gave hourly reference data while the PEMS was trained and tested.","The PEMS read boiler inputs such as fuel flows, air flow, temperatures and oxygen levels."],"must_hold":["Each input must stay within the range of the training data, or DIG must report the unit's maximum potential NOx rate.","The PEMS must keep passing daily checks, monthly audits in the ozone season and periodic test audits."],"echoes":[]},"paired_incident":null,"headline":"*SmartCEM-75* stands in for NOx analyzers at a Dearborn plant","metric":"matched a NOx analyzer on a Dearborn boiler over 720 hours","comparator":{"against":"Hourly readings from the unit's certified NOx analyzer over the same 720 operating hours, judged by EPA's three statistical tests","before":"A linear correlation coefficient (r) above 0.8 required","after":"r = 0.9678 over all 720 hours and r = 0.9286 over 98 startup and shutdown hours","basis":"measured","quote":"Three statistical tests must be passed, i.e., a linear correlation coefficient (r) > 0.8, an F-test, and a one-tailed t-test for bias described in Appendix A to Part 75.","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-bl1100-2006.9.6.pdf"},"later":null,"value":{"amount":"$12,950","what":"Estimated yearly saving of the PEMS on Unit GTP1 over an analyzer even if outside contractors run the extra audits","who":"Dearborn Industrial Generation","estimate":true,"quote":"Even if outside contractors are used instead of in-house staff, the annual PEMS cost would be significantly less ($12,950 less) than the annual cost associated with a CEMS.","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-gtp1-2006.4.5.pdf"},"developer_country":"United States","deployer_country":"United States","unrated_because":null,"brief_notes":null,"brief":null,"revisions":[{"date":"2026-10-31","change":"Added the record from the finding of EPA.","source":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-bl1100-2006.9.6.pdf","editor":"AIBD"}],"confidence":"found","shade":"high","claim_status":"Found by a regulator","claim_basis":"Sources: two independent regulatory documents. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","case_jurisdictions":["United States"],"profile":{"case_id":"AIBD-0843","catalog_version":"1.0.0","source_fingerprint":"48d72781703b7db19e4624d1cdebeae60bf4b18d23a9ba773fe1160fe7e6c2bd","collection_refs":[{"collection_id":"aibd","version":"2026-10-31"},{"collection_id":"querist","version":"2026-10-25"}],"source_ids":["AIBD-0843-source-0001","AIBD-0843-source-0002"],"families":{"strategic assessments":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"Editorial assignment.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","record_ids":[]},"evaluations":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"Editorial assignment.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","record_ids":[]},"monetary observations":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"text","text":"An existing source-stated monetary observation is present in the original value object."},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["value"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial","record_ids":["AIBD-0843-legacy-value"]},"institutional decisions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"Editorial assignment.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","record_ids":[]}},"fields":{"actors[]":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"developer":"CMC Solutions, L.L.C.","deployer":"Dearborn Industrial Generation (DIG), on boiler Unit BL1100 and turbine Unit GTP1"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["developer","deployer"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"actors[].ownership_control":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"ai_contribution":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"ai_relationship":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"category":"aggregate result","ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"EPA measured the software's accuracy against a certified analyzer over the same hours. It did not compare monitoring with and without the software in use, and the cost comparison is an estimate. EPA calls the BL1100 system neural-network software and the GTP1 system a hybrid statistical model trained on unit data."}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ai_role","category"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].alternatives":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].assessor_date":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].depth":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"EPA approved the software as the NOx monitor in place of hardware analyzers and estimated that it would cost less than half as much a year to run on Unit GTP1."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].display_confidence":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"structured","data":{"confidence":"high","evidence_word":"found","claim_status":"Found by a regulator","basis":"Sources: two independent regulatory documents. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","interpretation":"Existing display rule preserved; the richer outcome-specific confidence question still needs review."}},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].rationale":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"EPA approved the software as the NOx monitor in place of hardware analyzers and estimated that it would cost less than half as much a year to run on Unit GTP1."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].rubric_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].status_basis":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].target":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"EPA approved the software as the NOx monitor in place of hardware analyzers and estimated that it would cost less than half as much a year to run on Unit GTP1."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"availability":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"brief":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"case_kind":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"case_links[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"claims[].evidence_links":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"claims[].evidence_strength":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"structured","data":{"answer":"Found by a regulator. Sources: two independent regulatory documents. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","evidence_word":"found","claim_status":"Found by a regulator"}},"provenance":{"kind":"source_review","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":["AIBD-0843-source-0001","AIBD-0843-source-0002"],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-29"},"review_state":"reviewed","coverage":"complete","display":{"answer":"Found by a regulator. Sources: two independent regulatory documents. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","inferred":false}},"claims[].missingness":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"claims[].proposition":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"cross_border_flows[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"decisions[].action_outcome":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"decisions[].grounds":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"decisions[].institution_task":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"decisions[].success_criterion":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"deployment_stage":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"structured","data":{"classification":"routine use","answer":"The system was in routine use. EPA approved the software as the NOx monitor on both units, and the GTP1 software had served as that unit's data system since 1999.","scope":"The period and activity described in the case."}},"provenance":{"kind":"source_review","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","evidence"],"source_refs":["AIBD-0843-source-0001"],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-29"},"review_state":"reviewed","coverage":"complete","display":{"answer":"The system was in routine use. EPA approved the software as the NOx monitor on both units, and the GTP1 software had served as that unit's data system since 1999.","inferred":false}},"economics[].amount":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"value":{"amount":"$12,950","what":"Estimated yearly saving of the PEMS on Unit GTP1 over an analyzer even if outside contractors run the extra audits","who":"Dearborn Industrial Generation","estimate":true,"quote":"Even if outside contractors are used instead of in-house staff, the annual PEMS cost would be significantly less ($12,950 less) than the annual cost associated with a CEMS.","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-gtp1-2006.4.5.pdf"}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["value"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].costs[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].counterfactual":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].currency_price_basis":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].gross_net":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].measure_type":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"value":{"amount":"$12,950","what":"Estimated yearly saving of the PEMS on Unit GTP1 over an analyzer even if outside contractors run the extra audits","who":"Dearborn Industrial Generation","estimate":true,"quote":"Even if outside contractors are used instead of in-house staff, the annual PEMS cost would be significantly less ($12,950 less) than the annual cost associated with a CEMS.","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-gtp1-2006.4.5.pdf"}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["value"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].period_unit":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].realization":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].recipient_payer":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"value":{"amount":"$12,950","what":"Estimated yearly saving of the PEMS on Unit GTP1 over an analyzer even if outside contractors run the extra audits","who":"Dearborn Industrial Generation","estimate":true,"quote":"Even if outside contractors are used instead of in-house staff, the annual PEMS cost would be significantly less ($12,950 less) than the annual cost associated with a CEMS.","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-gtp1-2006.4.5.pdf"}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["value"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].return_payback":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"economics[].valuation_method":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"evaluations[].ai_uplift":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].comparator":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].design":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].effect":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].exposure":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].id":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].measurement_method":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].metric":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].reproduction_materials":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].setting_sample":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"external_references[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"follow_up[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"human_oversight":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"id":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"id":"AIBD-0843"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["id"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"infrastructure_dependencies[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].beneficiaries":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].beneficiary_count":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].benefit_type":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"benefit_type":"Improved Task Accuracy","taxonomy_note":"The software matched a certified analyzer in EPA's tests and was approved to stand in for it. EPA did not find that it was more accurate than the analyzer. EPA estimated that it would cost less than half as much to run."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["benefit_type","taxonomy_note"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].claim":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"Dearborn Industrial Generation (DIG) runs a power and steam plant in Dearborn, Michigan. It asked EPA to approve CMC Solutions' SmartCEM-75 predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) as the NOx monitor on its units. EPA describes the PEMS on boiler Unit BL1100 as neural-network software that turns boiler sensor readings into NOx values. The PEMS ran beside a certified analyzer for 720 operating hours in July and August 2004, including 98 hours of startup and shutdown. EPA found that its output passed all three statistical tests and approved it on 6 September 2006. EPA had given final approval to the PEMS on turbine Unit GTP1 on 5 April 2006. There a model trained on 40 hours of data was tested on the remaining 762 hours and passed EPA's own calculations. EPA estimated that monitoring GTP1 this way, with the extra audits it required, would cost less than half as much a year as an analyzer. The cost figures come from EPA's cost model. The letters report no change in emissions.","benefit_type":"Improved Task Accuracy"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","benefit_type"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].distribution":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].duration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].id":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].stakeholder_group":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"EPA approved the software as the NOx monitor in place of hardware analyzers and estimated that it would cost less than half as much a year to run on Unit GTP1."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].status":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"benefit_status":"reported"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["benefit_status"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].tradeoffs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].unexpected":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"unexpected":false,"purpose":"CMC Solutions built SmartCEM-75 to predict a unit's NOx emissions from its sensor readings so that the prediction can serve as the unit's emissions monitor."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["unexpected","purpose"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"places[]":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"location":"Dearborn, Michigan, United States","developer_country":"United States","deployer_country":"United States"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["location","developer_country","deployer_country"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"purpose":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"purpose":"CMC Solutions built SmartCEM-75 to predict a unit's NOx emissions from its sensor readings so that the prediction can serve as the unit's emissions monitor."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["purpose"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"record_dates":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"date_observed":"2006-09-06","date_basis":"source publication","date_precision":"day","revisions":[{"date":"2026-10-31","change":"Added the record from the finding of EPA.","source":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-bl1100-2006.9.6.pdf","editor":"AIBD"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["date_observed","date_basis","date_precision","revisions"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"replication.attempts[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"replication.conditions":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"replication":{"produced_by":["DIG contracted CMC Solutions to collect the data for the 720-hour demonstration.","The certified analyzer on the unit gave hourly reference data while the PEMS was trained and tested.","The PEMS read boiler inputs such as fuel flows, air flow, temperatures and oxygen levels."],"must_hold":["Each input must stay within the range of the training data, or DIG must report the unit's maximum potential NOx rate.","The PEMS must keep passing daily checks, monthly audits in the ozone season and periodic test audits."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"revision_history[]":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"revisions":[{"date":"2026-10-31","change":"Added the record from the finding of EPA.","source":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-bl1100-2006.9.6.pdf","editor":"AIBD"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["revisions"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sector":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"domain":"Environment and climate"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["domain"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].access_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].citation_locator":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"evidence":[{"kind":"regulatory document","citation":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Markets Division. Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System Installed on Unit BL1100 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088). Letter to Dearborn Industrial Generation, 6 September 2006.","title":"Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System Installed on Unit BL1100 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-bl1100-2006.9.6.pdf","date":"2006-09-06","written_by":"independent","quote":"The PEMS NOx lb/mmBtu output passed each of the three statistical tests for all unit operations."},{"kind":"regulatory document","citation":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Markets Division. Final Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) Installed on Unit GTP1 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088). Letter with attachments, 5 April 2006 (scanned copy).","title":"Final Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) Installed on Unit GTP1 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-gtp1-2006.4.5.pdf","date":"2006-04-05","written_by":"independent","quote":"the estimated annual cost of operating and maintaining a PEMS at Unit GTP1 using trained in-house staff and a portable analyzer would be less than half the cost associated with CEMS"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].id":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["AIBD-0843-source-0001","AIBD-0843-source-0002"],"role":"Existing evidence items, in their original order"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"sources[].language":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].relationship":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"evidence":[{"kind":"regulatory document","citation":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Markets Division. Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System Installed on Unit BL1100 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088). Letter to Dearborn Industrial Generation, 6 September 2006.","title":"Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System Installed on Unit BL1100 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-bl1100-2006.9.6.pdf","date":"2006-09-06","written_by":"independent","quote":"The PEMS NOx lb/mmBtu output passed each of the three statistical tests for all unit operations."},{"kind":"regulatory document","citation":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Markets Division. Final Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) Installed on Unit GTP1 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088). Letter with attachments, 5 April 2006 (scanned copy).","title":"Final Approval of the Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) Installed on Unit GTP1 at Dearborn Industrial Generation (Facility ID (ORISPL) 55088)","url":"https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-09/dig-55088-original-petition-response-gtp1-2006.4.5.pdf","date":"2006-04-05","written_by":"independent","quote":"the estimated annual cost of operating and maintaining a PEMS at Unit GTP1 using trained in-house staff and a portable analyzer would be less than half the cost associated with CEMS"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].upstream_sources":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"strategic_assessments[]":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"strategic assessments"},"summary":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"summary":"EPA found that SmartCEM-75 software matched a NOx analyzer on a Dearborn boiler over 720 hours. It estimated that on a turbine there the software would cost under half as much as an analyzer.","account":"Dearborn Industrial Generation (DIG) runs a power and steam plant in Dearborn, Michigan. It asked EPA to approve CMC Solutions' SmartCEM-75 predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) as the NOx monitor on its units. EPA describes the PEMS on boiler Unit BL1100 as neural-network software that turns boiler sensor readings into NOx values. The PEMS ran beside a certified analyzer for 720 operating hours in July and August 2004, including 98 hours of startup and shutdown. EPA found that its output passed all three statistical tests and approved it on 6 September 2006. EPA had given final approval to the PEMS on turbine Unit GTP1 on 5 April 2006. There a model trained on 40 hours of data was tested on the remaining 762 hours and passed EPA's own calculations. EPA estimated that monitoring GTP1 this way, with the extra audits it required, would cost less than half as much a year as an analyzer. The cost figures come from EPA's cost model. The letters report no change in emissions."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["summary","account"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].autonomy_permissions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].component_role":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].deployment_configuration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].inputs_outputs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_name":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].product_name":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"system":"SmartCEM-75 predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS)"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["system"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].provider":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"taxonomy_crosswalks[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"title":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"title":"EPA finds that SmartCEM-75 software tracked NOx at Dearborn Industrial Generation closely enough to stand in for hardware analyzers","headline":"*SmartCEM-75* stands in for NOx analyzers at a Dearborn plant"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["title","headline"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["2c49729295cf705b1ddce4b2e7b9265404536dbd0e82b79c357b143b7f636b90"],"role":"SHA-256 of the complete public record and its assessments"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"SHA-256 of the public record, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"workflow":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"Dearborn Industrial Generation (DIG) runs a power and steam plant in Dearborn, Michigan. It asked EPA to approve CMC Solutions' SmartCEM-75 predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) as the NOx monitor on its units. EPA describes the PEMS on boiler Unit BL1100 as neural-network software that turns boiler sensor readings into NOx values. The PEMS ran beside a certified analyzer for 720 operating hours in July and August 2004, including 98 hours of startup and shutdown. EPA found that its output passed all three statistical tests and approved it on 6 September 2006. EPA had given final approval to the PEMS on turbine Unit GTP1 on 5 April 2006. There a model trained on 40 hours of data was tested on the remaining 762 hours and passed EPA's own calculations. EPA estimated that monitoring GTP1 this way, with the extra audits it required, would cost less than half as much a year as an analyzer. The cost figures come from EPA's cost model. The letters report no change in emissions.","replication":{"produced_by":["DIG contracted CMC Solutions to collect the data for the 720-hour demonstration.","The certified analyzer on the unit gave hourly reference data while the PEMS was trained and tested.","The PEMS read boiler inputs such as fuel flows, air flow, temperatures and oxygen levels."],"must_hold":["Each input must stay within the range of the training data, or DIG must report the unit's maximum potential NOx rate.","The PEMS must keep passing daily checks, monthly audits in the ozone season and periodic test audits."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"}},"summary":{"total":91,"addressed":91,"known":31,"reviewed":2,"reviewed_complete":2,"reviewed_partial":0,"record_mapped":29,"review_not_assessed":60,"not_assessed":0,"complete":false,"by_state":{"value_present":31,"not_reported":0,"unresolved":60,"not_assessed":0,"not_applicable":0,"withheld":0,"source_unavailable":0}}},"presentation_version":"6604697310f6e89ab2ebc1a26b371911d12801e9635e89b7176b40419be72a2f"}