{"id":"AIBD-0836","title":"The Dutch Safety Board found that Tesla Autopilot braked a car to about 128 km/h before it hit a lorry, too late to cut its speed enough","summary":"On 11 April 2017 a Tesla on Autopilot hit a lorry that cut into its lane near Bathmen. The Dutch Safety Board found that Autopilot braked the car to about 128 km/h, too late to cut speed enough.","date_observed":"2017-04-11","date_basis":"event","date_precision":"day","benefit_status":"mixed","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"On 11 April 2017 a Tesla Model S was overtaking lorries on the A1 near Bathmen with Autopilot engaged and the cruise speed set at 150 km/h. A lorry moved into its lane to make room for a merging vehicle, while the driver glanced at his mirror. The Dutch Safety Board reports that the car slowed to about 128 km/h because Autopilot detected a vehicle ahead and braked. The Tesla hit the trailer, and the driver was not injured. The board says that the braking and the warning came too late for the driver to intervene or to cut speed enough. Annex C states that neither Autopilot nor the driver activated the brake system. It gives Tesla's account that easing off the accelerator and an initial slowing by the cruise control caused the drop. The board adds that the car's emergency braking did not cover 127 km/h, a range that a later software version added. It files the case under the immaturity of adaptive cruise control.","category":"protective response","unexpected":false,"purpose":"Tesla built Autopilot, a combination of adaptive cruise control and lane keeping, to keep a set speed and distance and to hold the car in its lane.","system":"Tesla Autopilot (Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer)","model_version":null,"developer":"Tesla","deployer":"Private owner","location":"A1 near Bathmen, Netherlands","domain":"Road vehicle crash avoidance","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Increased Product Safety","work_activities":["4.A.3.a.4","4.A.1.b.1"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"personal","depth":null,"reason":"The driver was not injured, but the board does not link that to the lower speed and says that the braking came too late."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"The board does not separate Autopilot's braking from the driver easing off the accelerator, which Tesla also cited. Its annex says that machine learning serves object detection in some driver assistance systems. It does not say whether this car's detection used it."},"evidence":[{"kind":"inquiry report","citation":"Onderzoeksraad voor Veiligheid (Dutch Safety Board). Wie stuurt? Verkeersveiligheid en automatisering in het wegverkeer, published 29 November 2019. Chapter 3 case box, p. 33, and annex C.2.3, pp. 118-121.","title":"Wie stuurt? 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The Dutch Safety Board found that Autopilot braked the car to about 128 km/h, too late to cut speed enough.","account":"On 11 April 2017 a Tesla Model S was overtaking lorries on the A1 near Bathmen with Autopilot engaged and the cruise speed set at 150 km/h. A lorry moved into its lane to make room for a merging vehicle, while the driver glanced at his mirror. The Dutch Safety Board reports that the car slowed to about 128 km/h because Autopilot detected a vehicle ahead and braked. The Tesla hit the trailer, and the driver was not injured. The board says that the braking and the warning came too late for the driver to intervene or to cut speed enough. Annex C states that neither Autopilot nor the driver activated the brake system. It gives Tesla's account that easing off the accelerator and an initial slowing by the cruise control caused the drop. The board adds that the car's emergency braking did not cover 127 km/h, a range that a later software version added. It files the case under the immaturity of adaptive cruise control."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["summary","account"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].autonomy_permissions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].component_role":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].deployment_configuration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].inputs_outputs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_name":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].product_name":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"system":"Tesla Autopilot (Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer)"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["system"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].provider":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"taxonomy_crosswalks[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"title":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"title":"The Dutch Safety Board found that Tesla Autopilot braked a car to about 128 km/h before it hit a lorry, too late to cut its speed enough","headline":"*Autopilot* slows a Tesla to 128 km/h before it hits a lorry"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["title","headline"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["5f62125a6f7634de1c8c23ecc8b1a19f1cf4df33520446e9cdfa3ae94ea12029"],"role":"SHA-256 of the complete public record and its assessments"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"SHA-256 of the public record, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"workflow":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"On 11 April 2017 a Tesla Model S was overtaking lorries on the A1 near Bathmen with Autopilot engaged and the cruise speed set at 150 km/h. A lorry moved into its lane to make room for a merging vehicle, while the driver glanced at his mirror. The Dutch Safety Board reports that the car slowed to about 128 km/h because Autopilot detected a vehicle ahead and braked. The Tesla hit the trailer, and the driver was not injured. The board says that the braking and the warning came too late for the driver to intervene or to cut speed enough. Annex C states that neither Autopilot nor the driver activated the brake system. It gives Tesla's account that easing off the accelerator and an initial slowing by the cruise control caused the drop. The board adds that the car's emergency braking did not cover 127 km/h, a range that a later software version added. It files the case under the immaturity of adaptive cruise control.","replication":{"produced_by":["Autopilot's cruise control detected a vehicle ahead and began to slow the car.","The driver had set the cruise speed at 150 km/h on a two-lane motorway."],"must_hold":["The system detects a vehicle that changes lanes in time to brake.","The speed lies within the operating range of the car's emergency braking."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"}},"summary":{"total":91,"addressed":91,"known":27,"reviewed":2,"reviewed_complete":2,"reviewed_partial":0,"record_mapped":25,"review_not_assessed":64,"not_assessed":0,"complete":false,"by_state":{"value_present":27,"not_reported":0,"unresolved":64,"not_assessed":0,"not_applicable":0,"withheld":0,"source_unavailable":0}}},"presentation_version":"cd53e47425e899bcc37c313f12b297f2e98bfce34abab7b6905a7426b1b3c0c3"}