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In screening populations, the software's specificity ranged from 0.23 to 0.66, against 0.14 to 0.63 for human readers. The group concluded that there was little difference between the two and that the software could be considered accurate. On 22 March 2021, WHO recommended that CAD software programs \"may be used in place of human readers\" for screening and triage in people aged 15 and older. The recommendation is conditional, with low certainty of evidence. WHO notes that the software could help screening scale up where radiologists are scarce. 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In March 2021 WHO conditionally recommended them for people aged 15 and older.","account":"In 2020, WHO convened a guideline development group to review computer-aided detection software that reads chest X-rays for tuberculosis. Three independent evaluations had tested CAD4TB v6, Lunit INSIGHT CXR and qXR v2 in screening and triage populations. The group did not know which brand was which. Each program was set to 90% sensitivity against a microbiological reference standard. In screening populations, the software's specificity ranged from 0.23 to 0.66, against 0.14 to 0.63 for human readers. The group concluded that there was little difference between the two and that the software could be considered accurate. On 22 March 2021, WHO recommended that CAD software programs \"may be used in place of human readers\" for screening and triage in people aged 15 and older. The recommendation is conditional, with low certainty of evidence. WHO notes that the software could help screening scale up where radiologists are scarce. The software cannot detect lung diseases other than TB, and its accuracy varied across settings."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["summary","account"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].autonomy_permissions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].component_role":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].deployment_configuration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].inputs_outputs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_name":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"model_version":"CAD4TB v6 and qXR v2 (no version given for Lunit INSIGHT CXR)"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["model_version"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].product_name":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"system":"CAD4TB, Lunit INSIGHT CXR and qXR (computer-aided detection software for TB)"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["system"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].provider":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"taxonomy_crosswalks[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"title":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"title":"WHO finds that software reading chest X-rays for TB is about as accurate as human readers and recommends it for people aged 15 and older","headline":"WHO recommends AI reading of chest X-rays for TB screening"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["title","headline"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["ac93aa5ef4f18aa1e64143ac1e98e88a6fd6ec82b18ff95f6e17825060856b5d"],"role":"SHA-256 of the complete public record and its assessments"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"SHA-256 of the public record, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"workflow":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"In 2020, WHO convened a guideline development group to review computer-aided detection software that reads chest X-rays for tuberculosis. Three independent evaluations had tested CAD4TB v6, Lunit INSIGHT CXR and qXR v2 in screening and triage populations. The group did not know which brand was which. Each program was set to 90% sensitivity against a microbiological reference standard. In screening populations, the software's specificity ranged from 0.23 to 0.66, against 0.14 to 0.63 for human readers. The group concluded that there was little difference between the two and that the software could be considered accurate. On 22 March 2021, WHO recommended that CAD software programs \"may be used in place of human readers\" for screening and triage in people aged 15 and older. The recommendation is conditional, with low certainty of evidence. WHO notes that the software could help screening scale up where radiologists are scarce. The software cannot detect lung diseases other than TB, and its accuracy varied across settings.","replication":{"produced_by":["Each program was set to a threshold giving 90% sensitivity for pulmonary TB.","The evaluations used image libraries never made available for the software's development or training."],"must_hold":["Each program calibrates the threshold for its setting and population.","The software reads posteroanterior or anteroposterior views of digital chest X-rays."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"}},"summary":{"total":91,"addressed":91,"known":29,"reviewed":2,"reviewed_complete":2,"reviewed_partial":0,"record_mapped":27,"review_not_assessed":62,"not_assessed":0,"complete":false,"by_state":{"value_present":29,"not_reported":0,"unresolved":62,"not_assessed":0,"not_applicable":0,"withheld":0,"source_unavailable":0}}},"presentation_version":"ae782284d1ccb91a570ee3585758b92722fedc1a76797666bd211c9c00578a57"}