{"id":"AIBD-0691","title":"GEF's evaluation office finds that AI monitoring of combustion kept dioxin at two Kunming incinerators well below the 0.1 ng TEQ/m³ target","summary":"GEF's evaluation office found that AI monitoring kept dioxin at two Kunming incinerators far below target, as low as 0.0046 ng TEQ/m³. World Bank reviewers name no AI.","date_observed":"2021-03-01","date_basis":"event","date_precision":"month","benefit_status":"reported","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"The Global Environment Facility (GEF) financed the China Municipal Solid Waste Management Project, which the World Bank implemented from 2015 to 2021. On 19 November 2025, the GEF's Independent Evaluation Office reported that the project introduced artificial intelligence to automate combustion monitoring at the Xishan and Konggang incinerators in Kunming. The office found that dioxin emissions stayed well below Stockholm Convention standards, with Xishan as low as 0.0046 ng TEQ/m³ against a 0.1 ng TEQ/m³ target. It adds that the system has since been replicated in 22 incinerators across 13 provinces. A mission of the office visited the project and reviewed its monitoring data. The World Bank's Independent Evaluation Group reviewed the same project on 14 February 2022. Its reviewers report that an accredited third party verified the dioxin levels at project closing. They describe a SCADA system that gathered real-time data on combustion and do not mention artificial intelligence. They credit the results to renovations of the two incinerators. They report that Xishan's parent company announced plans to copy the approach at all 22 of its incinerators.","category":"benefit created","unexpected":false,"purpose":"An unnamed developer built the monitoring system to automate combustion monitoring at the Xishan and Konggang incinerators and help keep dioxin emissions down.","system":"Combustion monitoring automated with artificial intelligence at the Xishan and Konggang incinerators (a SCADA system in the World Bank's review)","model_version":null,"developer":"Not named in the evaluations","deployer":"Operators of the Xishan and Konggang incinerators in Kunming, under the GEF-financed China Municipal Solid Waste Management Project implemented by the World Bank","location":"Kunming, Yunnan, China","domain":"Environment and climate","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Improved Environmental Sustainability","work_activities":["4.A.1.a.2","4.A.2.a.4"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"societal","depth":2,"reason":"Dioxin emissions at both incinerators stayed below the 0.1 ng TEQ/m³ target, with Xishan as low as 0.0046 ng TEQ/m³, and a third party verified the levels."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"The GEF office credits artificial intelligence with automating combustion monitoring but does not describe the model or separate its share of the dioxin result. The World Bank reviewers of the same project describe a SCADA system for real-time monitoring of combustion and do not mention artificial intelligence. They credit the dioxin results to 35 renovations at Konggang and 16 at Xishan. Neither document shows that the system learns from data."},"evidence":[{"kind":"evaluation report","citation":"Global Environment Facility Independent Evaluation Office. Evaluation of GEF Support for Technological Innovation. GEF/E/C.70/Inf.02, prepared by the Independent Evaluation Office for the 70th GEF Council Meeting, 19 November 2025. 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In the review, the Independent Evaluation Group confirms the dioxin results, describes a SCADA system and does not mention artificial intelligence.","title":"Implementation Completion Report (ICR) Review: CH GEF Municipal Solid Waste Management (P126832)","url":"https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099350002142216484/pdf/China000CH0GEF0lid0Waste0Management.pdf","date":"2022-02-14","written_by":"independent","quote":"A new state-of-the-art Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system was established which gathered and analyzed real-time data to monitor the combustion process of the Kunming and Ningbo incinerators.","supports_benefit":false}],"replication":{"produced_by":["The project introduced artificial intelligence to automate combustion monitoring at the two incinerators.","Audits of the incinerators led to improvement programs, and the plants carried out 35 and 16 renovations with co-financing.","An accredited third party monitored and verified dioxin levels at project closing."],"must_hold":["Incinerators and regulators must share real-time operating and emission data.","The plants must apply the best available techniques and best environmental practices of the Stockholm Convention.","A certified laboratory must sample dioxin levels on a regular schedule."],"echoes":[]},"paired_incident":null,"headline":"Kunming incinerators keep dioxin far below target with AI monitoring","metric":"as low as 0.0046 ng TEQ/m³","comparator":{"against":"The 0.1 ng TEQ/m³ dioxin target","before":"0.1 ng TEQ/m³ target","after":"As low as 0.0046 ng TEQ/m³ at Xishan","basis":"measured","quote":"with Xishan achieving levels as low as 0.0046 ng TEQ/m³, far surpassing the 0.1 ng TEQ/m³ target","url":"https://www.unevaluation.org/get-download-file/18867"},"later":{"status":"scaled","date":"2025-11-19","note":"The GEF office reports that the system was replicated in 22 incinerators across 13 provinces. 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