{"id":"AIBD-0678","title":"NYC Comptroller's audit finds that police reached ShotSpotter alerts 1 minute 38 seconds faster than 911 reports of outdoor shots in June 2023","summary":"New York City's Comptroller found that in June 2023 police reached ShotSpotter alerts 1 minute 38 seconds faster on average than 911 reports of outdoor shots.","date_observed":"2023-06-01","date_basis":"event","date_precision":"month","benefit_status":"mixed","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"ShotSpotter, renamed SoundThinking in April 2023, runs acoustic sensors that detect possible gunfire in parts of New York City. Its reviewers confirm or change the machine classification of each sound before alerting the New York City Police Department (NYPD). In an audit dated 20 June 2024, the Comptroller's auditors compared two sets of NYPD data for June 2023. Police reached 943 ShotSpotter alerts in 3 minutes 50 seconds on average. They reached 723 calls to 911 about outdoor shots in 5 minutes 28 seconds. The difference of 1 minute 38 seconds is far less than the 5 minutes claimed in public data. The NYPD replied that callers often wait before dialing 911, which the data cannot capture. The auditors also found that only 8% to 20% of alerts in sampled months were confirmed shootings. In June 2023 officers spent 426.9 hours on alerts that were not confirmed as shootings.","category":"aggregate result","unexpected":false,"purpose":"ShotSpotter built its Gunshot Detection and Location System to detect and locate possible gunfire with acoustic sensors and alert police.","system":"ShotSpotter Gunshot Detection and Location System","model_version":null,"developer":"ShotSpotter, Inc. (renamed SoundThinking, Inc. on 10 April 2023)","deployer":"New York City Police Department (NYPD)","location":"New York City, United States","domain":"Policing (gunfire detection)","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Reduced Task Time","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.1","4.A.1.a.2"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"Officers reached alert locations 1 minute 38 seconds sooner on average than outdoor shots reported to 911 in June 2023."},{"group":"societal","depth":null,"reason":"The audit does not link faster arrival to victims helped or shootings solved, and most alerts were not confirmed as shootings."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"The auditors compared response times to two different sets of incidents in one month, and the time that callers take to dial 911 is not in the data. ShotSpotter's reviewers confirm or change the machine classification before an alert goes out, so the faster response belongs to the sensors, the classifier and the reviewers together."},"evidence":[{"kind":"audit report","citation":"Office of the New York City Comptroller, Bureau of Audit. Audit Report on the New York City Police Department's Oversight of Its Agreement with ShotSpotter Inc. for the Gunshot Detection and Location System. FP23-074A, 20 June 2024.","title":"Audit Report on the New York City Police Department's Oversight of Its Agreement with ShotSpotter Inc. for the Gunshot Detection and Location System","url":"https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/audit-report-on-the-new-york-city-police-departments-oversight-of-its-agreement-with-shotspotter-inc-for-the-gunshot-detection-and-location-system/","date":"2024-06-20","written_by":"independent","quote":"The audit analyzed the two data sets, NYPD’s internal OCD ShotSpotter Tracking report and the Open Data NYPD Call for Service report, and found that during the month of June 2023 average response times to ShotSpotter alerts were 1 minute and 38 seconds faster than response times to reports to 911 of outdoor shots fired"}],"replication":{"produced_by":["Acoustic sensors in the coverage areas picked up possible gunshots.","ShotSpotter reviewers confirmed or changed each machine classification, in a review designed to take less than 60 seconds.","Alerts reached officers' phones through the NYPD's Domain Awareness System."],"must_hold":["Sensors must cover the areas where shootings occur.","Reviewers must screen out fireworks and other loud sounds."],"echoes":[]},"paired_incident":null,"headline":"Police reached *ShotSpotter* alerts faster than 911 shot reports","metric":"1 minute 38 seconds faster","comparator":{"against":"NYPD response to 911 calls about outdoor gunfire in June 2023","before":"5 minutes 28 seconds for 911","after":"3 minutes 50 seconds for ShotSpotter","basis":"measured","quote":"found that during the month of June 2023 average response times to ShotSpotter alerts were 1 minute and 38 seconds faster than response times to reports to 911 of outdoor shots fired (3 minutes 50 seconds for ShotSpotter versus 5 minutes 28 seconds for 911)","url":"https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/audit-report-on-the-new-york-city-police-departments-oversight-of-its-agreement-with-shotspotter-inc-for-the-gunshot-detection-and-location-system/"},"later":null,"value":null,"developer_country":"United States","deployer_country":"United States","unrated_because":null,"brief_notes":null,"brief":null,"revisions":[{"date":"2026-10-31","change":"Added the record from the finding of the New York City Comptroller.","source":"https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/audit-report-on-the-new-york-city-police-departments-oversight-of-its-agreement-with-shotspotter-inc-for-the-gunshot-detection-and-location-system/","editor":"AIBD"}],"confidence":"found","shade":"high","claim_status":"Found by an auditor","claim_basis":"Sources: one independent audit report. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","case_jurisdictions":["United States"],"profile":{"case_id":"AIBD-0678","catalog_version":"1.0.0","source_fingerprint":"6f37c07713827f313a3f1185245b781c9b3a02280466d7f10847fd5ae5576351","collection_refs":[{"collection_id":"aibd","version":"2026-10-31"},{"collection_id":"querist","version":"2026-10-25"}],"source_ids":["AIBD-0678-source-0001"],"families":{"strategic assessments":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"Editorial assignment.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","record_ids":[]},"evaluations":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"Editorial assignment.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","record_ids":[]},"monetary observations":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"Editorial assignment.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","record_ids":[]},"institutional decisions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"Editorial assignment.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","record_ids":[]}},"fields":{"actors[]":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"developer":"ShotSpotter, Inc. (renamed SoundThinking, Inc. on 10 April 2023)","deployer":"New York City Police Department (NYPD)"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["developer","deployer"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"actors[].ownership_control":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"ai_contribution":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"ai_relationship":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"category":"aggregate result","ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"The auditors compared response times to two different sets of incidents in one month, and the time that callers take to dial 911 is not in the data. ShotSpotter's reviewers confirm or change the machine classification before an alert goes out, so the faster response belongs to the sensors, the classifier and the reviewers together."}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ai_role","category"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].alternatives":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].assessor_date":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].depth":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"Officers reached alert locations 1 minute 38 seconds sooner on average than outdoor shots reported to 911 in June 2023."},{"group":"societal","reason":"The audit does not link faster arrival to victims helped or shootings solved, and most alerts were not confirmed as shootings."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].display_confidence":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"structured","data":{"confidence":"high","evidence_word":"found","claim_status":"Found by an auditor","basis":"Sources: one independent audit report. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","interpretation":"Existing display rule preserved; the richer outcome-specific confidence question still needs review."}},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].rationale":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"Officers reached alert locations 1 minute 38 seconds sooner on average than outdoor shots reported to 911 in June 2023."},{"group":"societal","reason":"The audit does not link faster arrival to victims helped or shootings solved, and most alerts were not confirmed as shootings."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].rubric_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].status_basis":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"assessments[].target":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"Officers reached alert locations 1 minute 38 seconds sooner on average than outdoor shots reported to 911 in June 2023."},{"group":"societal","reason":"The audit does not link faster arrival to victims helped or shootings solved, and most alerts were not confirmed as shootings."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"availability":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"brief":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"case_kind":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"case_links[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"claims[].evidence_links":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"claims[].evidence_strength":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"structured","data":{"answer":"Found by an auditor. Sources: one independent audit report. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","evidence_word":"found","claim_status":"Found by an auditor"}},"provenance":{"kind":"source_review","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":["AIBD-0678-source-0001"],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-29"},"review_state":"reviewed","coverage":"complete","display":{"answer":"Found by an auditor. Sources: one independent audit report. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report.","inferred":false}},"claims[].missingness":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"claims[].proposition":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"cross_border_flows[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"decisions[].action_outcome":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"decisions[].grounds":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"decisions[].institution_task":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"decisions[].success_criterion":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"institutional decisions"},"deployment_stage":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"structured","data":{"classification":"routine use","answer":"The system was in routine use. The NYPD has used ShotSpotter since 2014, with more than 2,000 sensors across the five boroughs.","scope":"The period and activity described in the case."}},"provenance":{"kind":"source_review","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","evidence"],"source_refs":["AIBD-0678-source-0001"],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-29"},"review_state":"reviewed","coverage":"complete","display":{"answer":"The system was in routine use. The NYPD has used ShotSpotter since 2014, with more than 2,000 sensors across the five boroughs.","inferred":false}},"economics[].amount":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].costs[]":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].counterfactual":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].currency_price_basis":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].gross_net":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].measure_type":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].period_unit":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].realization":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].recipient_payer":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].return_payback":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"economics[].valuation_method":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"monetary observations"},"evaluations[].ai_uplift":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].comparator":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].design":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].effect":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].exposure":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].id":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].measurement_method":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].metric":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].reproduction_materials":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].setting_sample":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"evaluations"},"external_references[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"follow_up[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"human_oversight":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"id":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"id":"AIBD-0678"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["id"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"infrastructure_dependencies[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].beneficiaries":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].beneficiary_count":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].benefit_type":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"benefit_type":"Reduced Task Time"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["benefit_type"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].claim":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"ShotSpotter, renamed SoundThinking in April 2023, runs acoustic sensors that detect possible gunfire in parts of New York City. Its reviewers confirm or change the machine classification of each sound before alerting the New York City Police Department (NYPD). In an audit dated 20 June 2024, the Comptroller's auditors compared two sets of NYPD data for June 2023. Police reached 943 ShotSpotter alerts in 3 minutes 50 seconds on average. They reached 723 calls to 911 about outdoor shots in 5 minutes 28 seconds. The difference of 1 minute 38 seconds is far less than the 5 minutes claimed in public data. The NYPD replied that callers often wait before dialing 911, which the data cannot capture. The auditors also found that only 8% to 20% of alerts in sampled months were confirmed shootings. In June 2023 officers spent 426.9 hours on alerts that were not confirmed as shootings.","benefit_type":"Reduced Task Time"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","benefit_type"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].distribution":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].duration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].id":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].stakeholder_group":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":1,"reason":"Officers reached alert locations 1 minute 38 seconds sooner on average than outdoor shots reported to 911 in June 2023."},{"group":"societal","reason":"The audit does not link faster arrival to victims helped or shootings solved, and most alerts were not confirmed as shootings."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["ratings"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].status":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"benefit_status":"mixed"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["benefit_status"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].tradeoffs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"outcomes[].unexpected":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"unexpected":false,"purpose":"ShotSpotter built its Gunshot Detection and Location System to detect and locate possible gunfire with acoustic sensors and alert police."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["unexpected","purpose"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"places[]":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"location":"New York City, United States","developer_country":"United States","deployer_country":"United States"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["location","developer_country","deployer_country"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"purpose":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"purpose":"ShotSpotter built its Gunshot Detection and Location System to detect and locate possible gunfire with acoustic sensors and alert police."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["purpose"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"record_dates":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"date_observed":"2023-06-01","date_basis":"event","date_precision":"month","revisions":[{"date":"2026-10-31","change":"Added the record from the finding of the New York City Comptroller.","source":"https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/audit-report-on-the-new-york-city-police-departments-oversight-of-its-agreement-with-shotspotter-inc-for-the-gunshot-detection-and-location-system/","editor":"AIBD"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["date_observed","date_basis","date_precision","revisions"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"replication.attempts[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"replication.conditions":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"replication":{"produced_by":["Acoustic sensors in the coverage areas picked up possible gunshots.","ShotSpotter reviewers confirmed or changed each machine classification, in a review designed to take less than 60 seconds.","Alerts reached officers' phones through the NYPD's Domain Awareness System."],"must_hold":["Sensors must cover the areas where shootings occur.","Reviewers must screen out fireworks and other loud sounds."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"revision_history[]":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"revisions":[{"date":"2026-10-31","change":"Added the record from the finding of the New York City Comptroller.","source":"https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/audit-report-on-the-new-york-city-police-departments-oversight-of-its-agreement-with-shotspotter-inc-for-the-gunshot-detection-and-location-system/","editor":"AIBD"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["revisions"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sector":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"domain":"Policing (gunfire detection)"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["domain"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].access_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].citation_locator":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"evidence":[{"kind":"audit report","citation":"Office of the New York City Comptroller, Bureau of Audit. Audit Report on the New York City Police Department's Oversight of Its Agreement with ShotSpotter Inc. for the Gunshot Detection and Location System. FP23-074A, 20 June 2024.","title":"Audit Report on the New York City Police Department's Oversight of Its Agreement with ShotSpotter Inc. for the Gunshot Detection and Location System","url":"https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/audit-report-on-the-new-york-city-police-departments-oversight-of-its-agreement-with-shotspotter-inc-for-the-gunshot-detection-and-location-system/","date":"2024-06-20","written_by":"independent","quote":"The audit analyzed the two data sets, NYPD’s internal OCD ShotSpotter Tracking report and the Open Data NYPD Call for Service report, and found that during the month of June 2023 average response times to ShotSpotter alerts were 1 minute and 38 seconds faster than response times to reports to 911 of outdoor shots fired"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].id":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["AIBD-0678-source-0001"],"role":"Existing evidence items, in their original order"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"sources[].language":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].relationship":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"evidence":[{"kind":"audit report","citation":"Office of the New York City Comptroller, Bureau of Audit. Audit Report on the New York City Police Department's Oversight of Its Agreement with ShotSpotter Inc. for the Gunshot Detection and Location System. FP23-074A, 20 June 2024.","title":"Audit Report on the New York City Police Department's Oversight of Its Agreement with ShotSpotter Inc. for the Gunshot Detection and Location System","url":"https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/audit-report-on-the-new-york-city-police-departments-oversight-of-its-agreement-with-shotspotter-inc-for-the-gunshot-detection-and-location-system/","date":"2024-06-20","written_by":"independent","quote":"The audit analyzed the two data sets, NYPD’s internal OCD ShotSpotter Tracking report and the Open Data NYPD Call for Service report, and found that during the month of June 2023 average response times to ShotSpotter alerts were 1 minute and 38 seconds faster than response times to reports to 911 of outdoor shots fired"}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].upstream_sources":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"strategic_assessments[]":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"strategic assessments"},"summary":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"summary":"New York City's Comptroller found that in June 2023 police reached ShotSpotter alerts 1 minute 38 seconds faster on average than 911 reports of outdoor shots.","account":"ShotSpotter, renamed SoundThinking in April 2023, runs acoustic sensors that detect possible gunfire in parts of New York City. Its reviewers confirm or change the machine classification of each sound before alerting the New York City Police Department (NYPD). In an audit dated 20 June 2024, the Comptroller's auditors compared two sets of NYPD data for June 2023. Police reached 943 ShotSpotter alerts in 3 minutes 50 seconds on average. They reached 723 calls to 911 about outdoor shots in 5 minutes 28 seconds. The difference of 1 minute 38 seconds is far less than the 5 minutes claimed in public data. The NYPD replied that callers often wait before dialing 911, which the data cannot capture. The auditors also found that only 8% to 20% of alerts in sampled months were confirmed shootings. In June 2023 officers spent 426.9 hours on alerts that were not confirmed as shootings."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["summary","account"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].autonomy_permissions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].component_role":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].deployment_configuration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].inputs_outputs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_name":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].product_name":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"system":"ShotSpotter Gunshot Detection and Location System"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["system"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].provider":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"taxonomy_crosswalks[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"title":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"title":"NYC Comptroller's audit finds that police reached ShotSpotter alerts 1 minute 38 seconds faster than 911 reports of outdoor shots in June 2023","headline":"Police reached *ShotSpotter* alerts faster than 911 shot reports"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["title","headline"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["6c065dae4a6b0c26bf3852a84c9792a3894f0c2f5e0df01fd5dd492d8f0fc3e2"],"role":"SHA-256 of the complete public record and its assessments"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"SHA-256 of the public record, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"workflow":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"ShotSpotter, renamed SoundThinking in April 2023, runs acoustic sensors that detect possible gunfire in parts of New York City. Its reviewers confirm or change the machine classification of each sound before alerting the New York City Police Department (NYPD). In an audit dated 20 June 2024, the Comptroller's auditors compared two sets of NYPD data for June 2023. Police reached 943 ShotSpotter alerts in 3 minutes 50 seconds on average. They reached 723 calls to 911 about outdoor shots in 5 minutes 28 seconds. The difference of 1 minute 38 seconds is far less than the 5 minutes claimed in public data. The NYPD replied that callers often wait before dialing 911, which the data cannot capture. The auditors also found that only 8% to 20% of alerts in sampled months were confirmed shootings. In June 2023 officers spent 426.9 hours on alerts that were not confirmed as shootings.","replication":{"produced_by":["Acoustic sensors in the coverage areas picked up possible gunshots.","ShotSpotter reviewers confirmed or changed each machine classification, in a review designed to take less than 60 seconds.","Alerts reached officers' phones through the NYPD's Domain Awareness System."],"must_hold":["Sensors must cover the areas where shootings occur.","Reviewers must screen out fireworks and other loud sounds."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"}},"summary":{"total":91,"addressed":91,"known":28,"reviewed":2,"reviewed_complete":2,"reviewed_partial":0,"record_mapped":26,"review_not_assessed":63,"not_assessed":0,"complete":false,"by_state":{"value_present":28,"not_reported":0,"unresolved":63,"not_assessed":0,"not_applicable":0,"withheld":0,"source_unavailable":0}}},"presentation_version":"fa96e0201efda86d8da5063f1b497bbfbc3ff3347b26905d0c3bd857fa8b42f1"}