{"id":"AIBD-0675","title":"DHS Inspector General validates that the Traveler Verification Service matched 98% of gate photos in CBP's 2017 exit pilot at nine airports","summary":"The DHS Inspector General validated a 98% average match rate for CBP's face matching at departure gates from August to December 2017, but only 85% of passengers were confirmed.","date_observed":"2017-08-01","date_basis":"event","date_precision":"year","benefit_status":"mixed","source_collection":null,"source_entry":null,"account":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) tested facial recognition at departure gates to confirm that foreign visitors had left by air. From May 2017 it used the Traveler Verification Service, a cloud service that compares each gate photo with government photos of the flight's passengers. By October 2017 the pilot covered 10 flights a day at nine airports. In a report dated 21 September 2018, the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General reviewed the pilot. Using CBP data, it validated a 98% average match rate from August to December 2017 for passengers with a gate photo and a photo on file. It also validated false positives of about 0.03% and false rejects of about 0.5% in December 2017. With the pilot data, DHS confirmed 105,000 departures of nonimmigrant visitors, of which nearly 1,300 were visa overstays. Network outages, staff shortages and rushed boarding meant that only 85% of passengers were biometrically confirmed. Travelers under 29 or over 70 matched less often. So did U.S., Mexican and Canadian citizens, mostly because fewer photos of them were on file.","category":"aggregate result","unexpected":false,"purpose":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection built the Traveler Verification Service to confirm travelers' identities by matching live photos with photos in government records.","system":"Traveler Verification Service (TVS), CBP's facial recognition matching service","model_version":null,"developer":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection (the Inspector General does not name the algorithm's supplier)","deployer":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Biometric Entry-Exit Program, with airlines at nine airports (Sprint 8 pilot)","location":"Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston (Intercontinental and Hobby), Las Vegas, Miami, New York JFK and Washington Dulles airports, United States","domain":"Border control (exit records)","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Improved Task Accuracy","work_activities":["4.A.1.b.1"],"taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"organizational","depth":2,"reason":"Face matching let DHS confirm 105,000 nonimmigrant departures from U.S. airports in 2017, nearly 1,300 of them visa overstays."}],"ai_role":{"status":"unassessed","statement":"The Inspector General checked CBP's reported match rates against CBP's own pilot data. It made no measured comparison with the biographic manifest checks that the pilot was meant to improve on. It writes that CBP adjusted the matching algorithm's threshold during the pilot, and it does not say who supplied the algorithm or how it was built."},"evidence":[{"kind":"audit report","citation":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General. Progress Made, but CBP Faces Challenges Implementing a Biometric Capability to Track Air Passenger Departures Nationwide. 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Progress Made, but CBP Faces Challenges Implementing a Biometric Capability to Track Air Passenger Departures Nationwide. OIG-18-80, 21 September 2018.","title":"Progress Made, but CBP Faces Challenges Implementing a Biometric Capability to Track Air Passenger Departures Nationwide","url":"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-09/OIG-18-80-Sep18.pdf","date":"2018-09-21","written_by":"independent","quote":"We validated TVS’ 98 percent success rate by using CBP data to calculate an average technical match rate from August to December 2017."}]}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["evidence"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"sources[].upstream_sources":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"strategic_assessments[]":{"state":"unresolved","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial","family":"strategic assessments"},"summary":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"summary":"The DHS Inspector General validated a 98% average match rate for CBP's face matching at departure gates from August to December 2017, but only 85% of passengers were confirmed.","account":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) tested facial recognition at departure gates to confirm that foreign visitors had left by air. From May 2017 it used the Traveler Verification Service, a cloud service that compares each gate photo with government photos of the flight's passengers. By October 2017 the pilot covered 10 flights a day at nine airports. In a report dated 21 September 2018, the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General reviewed the pilot. Using CBP data, it validated a 98% average match rate from August to December 2017 for passengers with a gate photo and a photo on file. It also validated false positives of about 0.03% and false rejects of about 0.5% in December 2017. With the pilot data, DHS confirmed 105,000 departures of nonimmigrant visitors, of which nearly 1,300 were visa overstays. Network outages, staff shortages and rushed boarding meant that only 85% of passengers were biometrically confirmed. Travelers under 29 or over 70 matched less often. So did U.S., Mexican and Canadian citizens, mostly because fewer photos of them were on file."}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["summary","account"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].autonomy_permissions":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].component_role":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].deployment_configuration":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].inputs_outputs":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_name":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].model_version":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].product_name":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"system":"Traveler Verification Service (TVS), CBP's facial recognition matching service"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["system"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"systems[].provider":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"taxonomy_crosswalks[]":{"state":"unresolved","provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"reason":"This is an explicit unresolved assignment: the sources on record do not settle this question.","review_state":"not_assessed","coverage":"partial"},"title":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"title":"DHS Inspector General validates that the Traveler Verification Service matched 98% of gate photos in CBP's 2017 exit pilot at nine airports","headline":"*Traveler Verification Service* matched 98% of photographed passengers"}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["title","headline"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"},"version":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"identifiers","identifiers":["ad142ef780e2c3eba78c5fdec99d736cd697db6998423bb0772dc54a95d9f61c"],"role":"SHA-256 of the complete public record and its assessments"},"provenance":{"kind":"curatorial","basis":"SHA-256 of the public record, its assessments, and its displayed answers and notes, excluding its own identifier and the derived coverage summary.","record_fields":[],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"complete"},"workflow":{"state":"value_present","value":{"kind":"record_fields","fields":{"account":"U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) tested facial recognition at departure gates to confirm that foreign visitors had left by air. From May 2017 it used the Traveler Verification Service, a cloud service that compares each gate photo with government photos of the flight's passengers. By October 2017 the pilot covered 10 flights a day at nine airports. In a report dated 21 September 2018, the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General reviewed the pilot. Using CBP data, it validated a 98% average match rate from August to December 2017 for passengers with a gate photo and a photo on file. It also validated false positives of about 0.03% and false rejects of about 0.5% in December 2017. With the pilot data, DHS confirmed 105,000 departures of nonimmigrant visitors, of which nearly 1,300 were visa overstays. Network outages, staff shortages and rushed boarding meant that only 85% of passengers were biometrically confirmed. Travelers under 29 or over 70 matched less often. So did U.S., Mexican and Canadian citizens, mostly because fewer photos of them were on file.","replication":{"produced_by":["CBP built a photo gallery for each flight from the manifest and from passport, visa and DHS encounter photos.","Officers photographed passengers at the gate, and the service compared each photo with the gallery.","CBP staff adjusted the algorithm's match threshold each month to limit false rejects."],"must_hold":["Gates need reliable network connections to the cloud service.","Recent, good-quality photos of each traveler must be on file."],"echoes":[]}}},"provenance":{"kind":"legacy_record","basis":"Editorial assignment.","record_fields":["account","replication"],"source_refs":[]},"review_state":"record_mapped","coverage":"partial"}},"summary":{"total":91,"addressed":91,"known":28,"reviewed":2,"reviewed_complete":2,"reviewed_partial":0,"record_mapped":26,"review_not_assessed":63,"not_assessed":0,"complete":false,"by_state":{"value_present":28,"not_reported":0,"unresolved":63,"not_assessed":0,"not_applicable":0,"withheld":0,"source_unavailable":0}}},"presentation_version":"be0e63fd864587611319f7160e24146f3d0c1d9b97de697736cd5267707ac0b0"}