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During a one-week learning period the ChatGPT group could ask about doubts and check procedural steps. Both groups were then tested on a desktop virtual reality simulator. The ChatGPT group scored 73.12 against 65.54 for the video-only group (P < .001) and showed lower cognitive load on eye-tracking measures. Students with low spatial ability gained most, 70.20 against 55.41, and the difference among students with high spatial ability was not significant. The authors note that the comparison group had no added support and that they could not check the accuracy of the answers that ChatGPT gave. The Journal of Medical Internet Research published the study on 27 May 2025.","category":"general benefit","unexpected":false,"purpose":"ChatGPT is a general-purpose chatbot. The authors tested it as a skills instructor, and better skill performance was the purpose of the trial.","system":"ChatGPT-3.5 (free version), used to answer questions and check procedural steps during dental skill learning","model_version":"ChatGPT-3.5 (free version)","developer":"OpenAI","deployer":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (study team)","location":"China (a university that the paper does not name; the authors are at Wuhan University)","domain":"Education","segment":null,"benefit_type":"Improved Learning","taxonomy_note":null,"registry_ids":{},"ratings":[{"group":"personal","depth":2,"reason":"Students with ChatGPT scored 73.12 against 65.54 on the virtual reality skills test, and students with low spatial ability scored 70.20 against 55.41."}],"ai_role":{"status":"assessed","statement":"Students were randomly assigned to videos with ChatGPT or videos alone, so the difference reflects the added ChatGPT support. 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