{
  "id": "AIBD-0384",
  "title": "South Wales Police's Operator Initiated Facial Recognition app identifies a 38-year-old in Cardiff wanted on a 2012 European arrest warrant from Poland; he is remanded to Westminster magistrates",
  "summary": "A South Wales Police officer's OIFR phone app matched a 38-year-old in Cardiff to a 2012 Polish European arrest warrant for drug dealing and assaulting an officer; he was remanded (July 2025).",
  "date_observed": "2025-07-14",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "South Wales Police and Gwent Police are the first UK forces with the Operator Initiated Facial Recognition (OIFR) app. It lets an officer photograph a person on a police phone and compare the image with a reference database. It is for when the person refuses or gives false details. It launched in December 2024. More than 500 officers had been trained by July 2025 (Emergency Services Times, 15 July 2025). In one use, an officer in Cardiff identified a 38-year-old man wanted on a European arrest warrant since 2012. The warrant was for drug dealing and assaulting a police officer with a weapon in Poland. He was remanded in custody to Westminster magistrates' court (Wales Online, 14 July 2025). The forces report 50 South Wales searches producing 10 arrests, and six Gwent uses with three matches and one arrest. They cite National Physical Laboratory testing in which the correct match came top for people in the database (Wales Online). The arrest date is not given.",
  "category": "benefit created",
  "unexpected": false,
  "purpose": "Built to confirm the identity of a person an officer suspects is missing, at risk or wanted when they cannot or will not give details. This identification was that use.",
  "system": "Operator Initiated Facial Recognition (OIFR) mobile app, South Wales Police and Gwent Police",
  "model_version": null,
  "developer": null,
  "deployer": "South Wales Police (with Gwent Police)",
  "location": "Cardiff, United Kingdom",
  "domain": "Law enforcement / identity verification",
  "segment": "Street identity checks of people who refuse or give false details",
  "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence",
  "taxonomy_note": null,
  "registry_ids": {
    "oecd_aim": "2025-07-14-7341"
  },
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "organizational",
      "depth": 2,
      "reason": "South Wales Police identified in Cardiff a man wanted on a 2012 European arrest warrant and remanded him. It reports 10 arrests from 50 app searches. A measurable result for the forces, on their own figures as relayed by the press."
    },
    {
      "group": "societal",
      "depth": 1,
      "reason": "One man wanted for drug dealing and assaulting an officer with a weapon in Poland was taken into custody for extradition proceedings. The reports give no further harm prevented. So the public benefit is the execution of a warrant."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "The app compared a photograph taken on a police phone to the reference database and returned the match that identified the man. Officers then confirmed the warrant and detained him. The force says National Physical Laboratory testing found the correct match returned as the top result for persons in the database. It says the app returns nothing for people not in it. Neither report names the vendor, the algorithm or a match score. Both rest on the force's figures."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Dalling, R. (2025). Man wanted since 2012 arrested after facial recognition app match. Wales Online, July 14, 2025.",
      "title": "Man wanted since 2012 arrested after facial recognition app match",
      "url": "https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/man-wanted-2012-arrested-after-32057351",
      "date": "2025-07-14",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "The 38-year-old man was remanded in custody to Westminster magistrates' court."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Devonshire, J. (2025). More than 500 officers in Wales now trained to use real-time facial recognition app. Emergency Services Times, July 15, 2025.",
      "title": "More than 500 officers in Wales now trained to use real-time facial recognition app",
      "url": "https://emergencyservicestimes.com/2025/07/15/more-than-500-officers-in-wales-now-trained-to-use-real-time-facial-recognition-app/",
      "date": "2025-07-15",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "Thanks to the app, he was swiftly identified, remanded in custody, and brought before Westminster Magistrates' Court."
    },
    {
      "kind": "registry label",
      "citation": "OECD.AI (2025). Facial Recognition AI App Leads to Arrest of Fugitive Drug Dealer After 13 Years. OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor, 2025-07-14.",
      "title": "Facial Recognition AI App Leads to Arrest of Fugitive Drug Dealer After 13 Years",
      "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-07-14-7341",
      "date": "2025-07-14",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "used a new AI-powered facial recognition app to identify and arrest a fugitive drug dealer wanted since 2012"
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "A street encounter in which the person refuses or gives false details",
      "A phone app linked to a reference database that holds the wanted person's image",
      "A warrant record current enough for officers to act on the match"
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "The app is used after an attempted engagement and only where necessary and proportionate, per the force's policy",
      "The match is confirmed against the warrant before detention"
    ],
    "echoes": []
  },
  "paired_incident": null,
  "headline": "Police phone app identifies man wanted since 2012 in Cardiff",
  "metric": null,
  "comparator": null,
  "later": null,
  "value": null,
  "developer_country": null,
  "deployer_country": "United Kingdom",
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
  "brief": null,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-07-14-7341",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Police",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    }
  ],
  "confidence": "reported",
  "shade": "medium",
  "claim_status": "Independently reported",
  "claim_basis": "Sources: two independent news reports and a registry entry. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
  "profile": {
    "case_id": "AIBD-0384",
    "catalog_version": "1.0.0",
    "source_fingerprint": "bfe51851999dc8d362daa237a555c84a3337b06a8cd2979fee1b8168eac29d33",
    "collection_refs": [
      {
        "collection_id": "aibd",
        "version": "snapshot-8bf7cfec9cb185aa"
      },
      {
        "collection_id": "aibd",
        "version": "2026-10-25"
      },
      {
        "collection_id": "chanticleer",
        "version": "2026-10-25"
      }
    ],
    "source_ids": [
      "AIBD-0384-source-0001",
      "AIBD-0384-source-0002",
      "AIBD-0384-source-0003"
    ],
    "families": {
      "strategic assessments": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      },
      "evaluations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      },
      "monetary observations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      },
      "institutional decisions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      }
    },
    "fields": {
      "actors[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "deployer": "South Wales Police (with Gwent Police)"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "deployer"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "actors[].ownership_control": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "ai_contribution": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ai_role": {
              "status": "assessed",
              "statement": "The app compared a photograph taken on a police phone to the reference database and returned the match that identified the man. Officers then confirmed the warrant and detained him. The force says National Physical Laboratory testing found the correct match returned as the top result for persons in the database. It says the app returns nothing for people not in it. Neither report names the vendor, the algorithm or a match score. Both rest on the force's figures."
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "ai_relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "category": "benefit created",
            "ai_role": {
              "status": "assessed",
              "statement": "The app compared a photograph taken on a police phone to the reference database and returned the match that identified the man. Officers then confirmed the warrant and detained him. The force says National Physical Laboratory testing found the correct match returned as the top result for persons in the database. It says the app returns nothing for people not in it. Neither report names the vendor, the algorithm or a match score. Both rest on the force's figures."
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role",
            "category"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].alternatives": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].assessor_date": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].depth": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 2,
                "reason": "South Wales Police identified in Cardiff a man wanted on a 2012 European arrest warrant and remanded him. It reports 10 arrests from 50 app searches. A measurable result for the forces, on their own figures as relayed by the press."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "One man wanted for drug dealing and assaulting an officer with a weapon in Poland was taken into custody for extradition proceedings. The reports give no further harm prevented. So the public benefit is the execution of a warrant."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].display_confidence": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "structured",
          "data": {
            "confidence": "medium",
            "evidence_word": "reported",
            "claim_status": "Independently reported",
            "basis": "Sources: two independent news reports and a registry entry. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
            "interpretation": "Existing display rule preserved; the richer outcome-specific confidence question still needs review."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Derived from the existing case display properties; not a new evidentiary judgment.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].rationale": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 2,
                "reason": "South Wales Police identified in Cardiff a man wanted on a 2012 European arrest warrant and remanded him. It reports 10 arrests from 50 app searches. A measurable result for the forces, on their own figures as relayed by the press."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "One man wanted for drug dealing and assaulting an officer with a weapon in Poland was taken into custody for extradition proceedings. The reports give no further harm prevented. So the public benefit is the execution of a warrant."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].rubric_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].status_basis": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].target": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 2,
                "reason": "South Wales Police identified in Cardiff a man wanted on a 2012 European arrest warrant and remanded him. It reports 10 arrests from 50 app searches. A measurable result for the forces, on their own figures as relayed by the press."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "One man wanted for drug dealing and assaulting an officer with a weapon in Poland was taken into custody for extradition proceedings. The reports give no further harm prevented. So the public benefit is the execution of a warrant."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "availability": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "brief": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "case_kind": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "case_links[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].evidence_links": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].evidence_strength": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].missingness": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].proposition": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "cross_border_flows[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "decisions[].action_outcome": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "decisions[].grounds": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "decisions[].institution_task": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "decisions[].success_criterion": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "deployment_stage": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].amount": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].costs[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].counterfactual": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].currency_price_basis": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].gross_net": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].measure_type": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].period_unit": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].realization": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].recipient_payer": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].return_payback": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].valuation_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "evaluations[].ai_uplift": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].comparator": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].design": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].effect": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].exposure": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].measurement_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].metric": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].reproduction_materials": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].setting_sample": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "external_references[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "registry_ids": {
              "oecd_aim": "2025-07-14-7341"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "registry_ids"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "follow_up[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "human_oversight": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "id": "AIBD-0384"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "id"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "infrastructure_dependencies[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiaries": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiary_count": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].benefit_type": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].claim": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "South Wales Police and Gwent Police are the first UK forces with the Operator Initiated Facial Recognition (OIFR) app. It lets an officer photograph a person on a police phone and compare the image with a reference database. It is for when the person refuses or gives false details. It launched in December 2024. More than 500 officers had been trained by July 2025 (Emergency Services Times, 15 July 2025). In one use, an officer in Cardiff identified a 38-year-old man wanted on a European arrest warrant since 2012. The warrant was for drug dealing and assaulting a police officer with a weapon in Poland. He was remanded in custody to Westminster magistrates' court (Wales Online, 14 July 2025). The forces report 50 South Wales searches producing 10 arrests, and six Gwent uses with three matches and one arrest. They cite National Physical Laboratory testing in which the correct match came top for people in the database (Wales Online). The arrest date is not given.",
            "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].distribution": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].duration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 2,
                "reason": "South Wales Police identified in Cardiff a man wanted on a 2012 European arrest warrant and remanded him. It reports 10 arrests from 50 app searches. A measurable result for the forces, on their own figures as relayed by the press."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "One man wanted for drug dealing and assaulting an officer with a weapon in Poland was taken into custody for extradition proceedings. The reports give no further harm prevented. So the public benefit is the execution of a warrant."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].status": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].tradeoffs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].unexpected": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "unexpected": false,
            "purpose": "Built to confirm the identity of a person an officer suspects is missing, at risk or wanted when they cannot or will not give details. This identification was that use."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "unexpected",
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "places[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "location": "Cardiff, United Kingdom",
            "deployer_country": "United Kingdom"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "location",
            "deployer_country"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "purpose": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "purpose": "Built to confirm the identity of a person an officer suspects is missing, at risk or wanted when they cannot or will not give details. This identification was that use."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "record_dates": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "date_observed": "2025-07-14",
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-07-14-7341",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Police",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "date_observed",
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.attempts[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.conditions": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A street encounter in which the person refuses or gives false details",
                "A phone app linked to a reference database that holds the wanted person's image",
                "A warrant record current enough for officers to act on the match"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The app is used after an attempted engagement and only where necessary and proportionate, per the force's policy",
                "The match is confirmed against the warrant before detention"
              ],
              "echoes": []
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "revision_history[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-07-14-7341",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Police",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sector": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "domain": "Law enforcement / identity verification",
            "segment": "Street identity checks of people who refuse or give false details"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "domain",
            "segment"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].access_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].citation_locator": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Dalling, R. (2025). Man wanted since 2012 arrested after facial recognition app match. Wales Online, July 14, 2025.",
                "title": "Man wanted since 2012 arrested after facial recognition app match",
                "url": "https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/man-wanted-2012-arrested-after-32057351",
                "date": "2025-07-14",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "The 38-year-old man was remanded in custody to Westminster magistrates' court."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Devonshire, J. (2025). More than 500 officers in Wales now trained to use real-time facial recognition app. Emergency Services Times, July 15, 2025.",
                "title": "More than 500 officers in Wales now trained to use real-time facial recognition app",
                "url": "https://emergencyservicestimes.com/2025/07/15/more-than-500-officers-in-wales-now-trained-to-use-real-time-facial-recognition-app/",
                "date": "2025-07-15",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Thanks to the app, he was swiftly identified, remanded in custody, and brought before Westminster Magistrates' Court."
              },
              {
                "kind": "registry label",
                "citation": "OECD.AI (2025). Facial Recognition AI App Leads to Arrest of Fugitive Drug Dealer After 13 Years. OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor, 2025-07-14.",
                "title": "Facial Recognition AI App Leads to Arrest of Fugitive Drug Dealer After 13 Years",
                "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-07-14-7341",
                "date": "2025-07-14",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "used a new AI-powered facial recognition app to identify and arrest a fugitive drug dealer wanted since 2012"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "AIBD-0384-source-0001",
            "AIBD-0384-source-0002",
            "AIBD-0384-source-0003"
          ],
          "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "sources[].language": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Dalling, R. (2025). Man wanted since 2012 arrested after facial recognition app match. Wales Online, July 14, 2025.",
                "title": "Man wanted since 2012 arrested after facial recognition app match",
                "url": "https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/man-wanted-2012-arrested-after-32057351",
                "date": "2025-07-14",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "The 38-year-old man was remanded in custody to Westminster magistrates' court."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Devonshire, J. (2025). More than 500 officers in Wales now trained to use real-time facial recognition app. Emergency Services Times, July 15, 2025.",
                "title": "More than 500 officers in Wales now trained to use real-time facial recognition app",
                "url": "https://emergencyservicestimes.com/2025/07/15/more-than-500-officers-in-wales-now-trained-to-use-real-time-facial-recognition-app/",
                "date": "2025-07-15",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Thanks to the app, he was swiftly identified, remanded in custody, and brought before Westminster Magistrates' Court."
              },
              {
                "kind": "registry label",
                "citation": "OECD.AI (2025). Facial Recognition AI App Leads to Arrest of Fugitive Drug Dealer After 13 Years. OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor, 2025-07-14.",
                "title": "Facial Recognition AI App Leads to Arrest of Fugitive Drug Dealer After 13 Years",
                "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-07-14-7341",
                "date": "2025-07-14",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "used a new AI-powered facial recognition app to identify and arrest a fugitive drug dealer wanted since 2012"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].upstream_sources": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "strategic_assessments[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "strategic assessments"
      },
      "summary": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "summary": "A South Wales Police officer's OIFR phone app matched a 38-year-old in Cardiff to a 2012 Polish European arrest warrant for drug dealing and assaulting an officer; he was remanded (July 2025).",
            "account": "South Wales Police and Gwent Police are the first UK forces with the Operator Initiated Facial Recognition (OIFR) app. It lets an officer photograph a person on a police phone and compare the image with a reference database. It is for when the person refuses or gives false details. It launched in December 2024. More than 500 officers had been trained by July 2025 (Emergency Services Times, 15 July 2025). In one use, an officer in Cardiff identified a 38-year-old man wanted on a European arrest warrant since 2012. The warrant was for drug dealing and assaulting a police officer with a weapon in Poland. He was remanded in custody to Westminster magistrates' court (Wales Online, 14 July 2025). The forces report 50 South Wales searches producing 10 arrests, and six Gwent uses with three matches and one arrest. They cite National Physical Laboratory testing in which the correct match came top for people in the database (Wales Online). The arrest date is not given."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "summary",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].autonomy_permissions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].component_role": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].deployment_configuration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].inputs_outputs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_name": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].product_name": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "system": "Operator Initiated Facial Recognition (OIFR) mobile app, South Wales Police and Gwent Police"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "system"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].provider": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "title": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "title": "South Wales Police's Operator Initiated Facial Recognition app identifies a 38-year-old in Cardiff wanted on a 2012 European arrest warrant from Poland; he is remanded to Westminster magistrates",
            "headline": "Police phone app identifies man wanted since 2012 in Cardiff"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "title",
            "headline"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "version": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "bfe51851999dc8d362daa237a555c84a3337b06a8cd2979fee1b8168eac29d33"
          ],
          "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "workflow": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "South Wales Police and Gwent Police are the first UK forces with the Operator Initiated Facial Recognition (OIFR) app. It lets an officer photograph a person on a police phone and compare the image with a reference database. It is for when the person refuses or gives false details. It launched in December 2024. More than 500 officers had been trained by July 2025 (Emergency Services Times, 15 July 2025). In one use, an officer in Cardiff identified a 38-year-old man wanted on a European arrest warrant since 2012. The warrant was for drug dealing and assaulting a police officer with a weapon in Poland. He was remanded in custody to Westminster magistrates' court (Wales Online, 14 July 2025). The forces report 50 South Wales searches producing 10 arrests, and six Gwent uses with three matches and one arrest. They cite National Physical Laboratory testing in which the correct match came top for people in the database (Wales Online). The arrest date is not given.",
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A street encounter in which the person refuses or gives false details",
                "A phone app linked to a reference database that holds the wanted person's image",
                "A warrant record current enough for officers to act on the match"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The app is used after an attempted engagement and only where necessary and proportionate, per the force's policy",
                "The match is confirmed against the warrant before detention"
              ],
              "echoes": []
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      }
    },
    "summary": {
      "total": 91,
      "addressed": 91,
      "known": 27,
      "reviewed": 0,
      "record_mapped": 27,
      "not_assessed": 64,
      "complete": false,
      "by_state": {
        "value_present": 27,
        "not_reported": 0,
        "unresolved": 0,
        "not_assessed": 64,
        "not_applicable": 0,
        "withheld": 0,
        "source_unavailable": 0
      }
    }
  }
}