{ "id": "AIBD-0378", "title": "CA-GPT, a DeepSeek-based model on an AI-OCT system led by Tangdu Hospital, agrees with expert PCI plans more than ChatGPT-5 and junior physicians in a 96-patient single-center preprint", "summary": "arXiv preprint (11 December 2025): CA-GPT on an AI-OCT system agreed with expert PCI records more than ChatGPT-5 and junior physicians across 96 patients; stent diameter 90.3% vs 72.2% for juniors.", "date_observed": "2025-12-11", "date_basis": "unassessed", "date_precision": "unassessed", "benefit_status": null, "source_collection": null, "source_entry": null, "account": "An arXiv preprint of 11 December 2025 (Fang et al., last author Yan Li) reports the single-center COMPARE study. It compared CA-GPT, “a novel large model deployed on an AI-OCT system”, with ChatGPT-5 and junior physicians. This was in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Decisions for 96 patients were scored against an expert-derived record. In pre-PCI planning CA-GPT's median agreement was 5 against 3 for ChatGPT-5 and 4 for junior physicians. It “showed superior performance to junior physicians in stent diameter (90.3% vs. 72.2%, P<0.05) and length selection (80.6% vs. 52.8%, P<0.01)”. Machine Heart (Sina, 16 December 2025) says Li Yan's team at Tangdu Hospital and Zhu Rui's at Shenzhen Tsinghua University Research Institute built it. They used open-source DeepSeek with retrieval over a million cardiovascular papers, on a Vivolight OCT platform. The Monitor pairs this study with a Xinhua report (13 December 2025) on the “Titian” ablation robot at Shaoxing People's Hospital. It describes teleoperation and no AI function.", "category": "general benefit", "unexpected": false, "purpose": "CA-GPT was built to interpret intravascular OCT images and generate PCI planning and assessment decisions as expert-level support. The reported agreement with expert records is that purpose.", "system": "CA-GPT large model on an AI-OCT system (COMPARE study)", "model_version": "CA-GPT built on open-source DeepSeek with retrieval-augmented generation over more than one million cardiovascular papers and guidelines, per Machine Heart; version not stated", "developer": "Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Li Yan's team) with Shenzhen Tsinghua University Research Institute (Zhu Rui's team), on a Vivolight Medtech OCT platform", "deployer": "Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (study lead, per Machine Heart)", "location": "China", "domain": "Healthcare / interventional cardiology decision support", "segment": "OCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention", "benefit_type": "Improved Task Accuracy", "taxonomy_note": null, "registry_ids": { "oecd_aim": "2025-12-13-c088" }, "ratings": [ { "group": "organizational", "depth": null, "reason": "A single-center preprint comparing decision agreement. No patient outcome, deployment or event is reported." } ], "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "CA-GPT is the system under test: a large model on an AI-OCT platform producing pre- and post-PCI decisions that were scored against an expert record. Its reported advantage over ChatGPT-5 and junior physicians is the authors' own measurement in a preprint that has not been peer reviewed. The decisions were not acted on for the 96 patients." }, "evidence": [ { "kind": "preprint", "citation": "Fang W, Wang C, Ma W, et al. (2025). COMPARE: Clinical Optimization with Modular Planning and Assessment via RAG-Enhanced AI-OCT: Superior Decision Support for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Compared to ChatGPT-5 and Junior Operators. arXiv:2512.10702, submitted 11 December 2025.", "title": "COMPARE: Clinical Optimization with Modular Planning and Assessment via RAG-Enhanced AI-OCT: Superior Decision Support for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Compared to ChatGPT-5 and Junior Operators", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10702", "date": "2025-12-11", "written_by": "makers", "quote": "showed superior performance to junior physicians in stent diameter (90.3% vs. 72.2%, P<0.05) and length selection (80.6% vs. 52.8%, P<0.01)" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "机器之心Pro (2025). 临床PK完胜ChatGPT-5！国内团队造出首个OCT影像AI系统. Sina (k.sina.com.cn), 16 December 2025.", "title": "临床PK完胜ChatGPT-5！国内团队造出首个OCT影像AI系统", "url": "https://k.sina.com.cn/article_3996876140_ee3b7d6c0010166ey.html?from=tech", "date": "2025-12-16", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "一项由空军军医大学唐都医院李妍教授团队牵头，与深圳清华大学研究院朱锐团队联合完成的 COMPARE 研究" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "潘秀玮 (2025). 医生\"隔空\"操刀，\"提香机器人\"完成心脏电生理介入手术. 新华网 浙江频道 (Xinhuanet Zhejiang), 13 December 2025.", "title": "医生\"隔空\"操刀，\"提香机器人\"完成心脏电生理介入手术", "url": "http://zj.xinhuanet.com/20251213/4d2d4be684c642d3b949c2666cae14c9/c.html", "date": "2025-12-13", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "操作台上的旋钮控制鞘管和导管，医生操作旋钮实现导管的毫米级移动，双机械臂的稳定性让消融靶点定位非常精确" }, { "kind": "registry label", "citation": "OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (2025). AI Systems Enhance Cardiac Surgery Precision and Decision-Making in China. OECD.AI, 13 December 2025.", "title": "AI Systems Enhance Cardiac Surgery Precision and Decision-Making in China", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-12-13-c088", "date": "2025-12-13", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "the CA-GPT AI outperformed ChatGPT-5 and junior doctors in interpreting OCT images for PCI procedures" } ], "replication": { "produced_by": [ "A domain model built on DeepSeek with retrieval over cardiovascular literature and guidelines", "Deployment on a Vivolight OCT imaging platform with the team's own image-analysis functions", "An expert-derived procedural record from one center used as the reference standard", "Scoring of decisions on ten pre-specified metrics across pre- and post-PCI phases" ], "must_hold": [ "OCT image quality and lesion mix comparable to the 96-patient cohort", "The expert reference record is accepted as correct", "Prospective use with clinicians acting on the output, which the study did not test" ], "echoes": [] }, "paired_incident": null, "headline": "An OCT-reading model beats ChatGPT-5 at planning coronary stents", "metric": "stent diameter (90.3% vs. 72.2%, P<0.05) and length selection (80.6% vs. 52.8%, P<0.01)", "comparator": null, "later": null, "value": null, "developer_country": "China", "deployer_country": "China", "unrated_because": null, "brief_notes": null, "brief": null, "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources.", "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-12-13-c088", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Benefit type set to Improved Task Accuracy under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.", "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%83%BD%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2; https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%83%BD%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" } ], "confidence": "reported", "shade": "medium", "claim_status": "Independently reported", "claim_basis": "Sources: two independent news reports, a registry entry and the makers' preprint. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.", "profile": { "case_id": "AIBD-0378", "catalog_version": "1.0.0", "source_fingerprint": "cbb0cf3958734859783ffb7e4435f323a12e0466f839fa935a8eacc251a70c90", "collection_refs": [ { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "snapshot-8bf7cfec9cb185aa" }, { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "2026-10-25" } ], "source_ids": [ "AIBD-0378-source-0001", "AIBD-0378-source-0002", "AIBD-0378-source-0003", "AIBD-0378-source-0004" ], "families": { "strategic assessments": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "evaluations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "monetary observations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "institutional decisions": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] } }, "fields": { "actors[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "developer": "Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Li Yan's team) with Shenzhen Tsinghua University Research Institute (Zhu Rui's team), on a Vivolight Medtech OCT platform", "deployer": "Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (study lead, per Machine Heart)" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "developer", "deployer" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "actors[].ownership_control": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "ai_contribution": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "CA-GPT is the system under test: a large model on an AI-OCT platform producing pre- and post-PCI decisions that were scored against an expert record. 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Sina (k.sina.com.cn), 16 December 2025.", "title": "临床PK完胜ChatGPT-5！国内团队造出首个OCT影像AI系统", "url": "https://k.sina.com.cn/article_3996876140_ee3b7d6c0010166ey.html?from=tech", "date": "2025-12-16", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "一项由空军军医大学唐都医院李妍教授团队牵头，与深圳清华大学研究院朱锐团队联合完成的 COMPARE 研究" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "潘秀玮 (2025). 医生\"隔空\"操刀，\"提香机器人\"完成心脏电生理介入手术. 新华网 浙江频道 (Xinhuanet Zhejiang), 13 December 2025.", "title": "医生\"隔空\"操刀，\"提香机器人\"完成心脏电生理介入手术", "url": "http://zj.xinhuanet.com/20251213/4d2d4be684c642d3b949c2666cae14c9/c.html", "date": "2025-12-13", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "操作台上的旋钮控制鞘管和导管，医生操作旋钮实现导管的毫米级移动，双机械臂的稳定性让消融靶点定位非常精确" }, { "kind": "registry label", "citation": "OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (2025). AI Systems Enhance Cardiac Surgery Precision and Decision-Making in China. OECD.AI, 13 December 2025.", "title": "AI Systems Enhance Cardiac Surgery Precision and Decision-Making in China", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-12-13-c088", "date": "2025-12-13", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "the CA-GPT AI outperformed ChatGPT-5 and junior doctors in interpreting OCT images for PCI procedures" } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "evidence" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].id": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "identifiers", "identifiers": [ "AIBD-0378-source-0001", "AIBD-0378-source-0002", "AIBD-0378-source-0003", "AIBD-0378-source-0004" ], "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order" }, "provenance": { "kind": "curatorial", "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.", "record_fields": [], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "complete" }, "sources[].language": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].relationship": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "evidence": [ { "kind": "preprint", "citation": "Fang W, Wang C, Ma W, et al. 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It compared CA-GPT, “a novel large model deployed on an AI-OCT system”, with ChatGPT-5 and junior physicians. This was in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Decisions for 96 patients were scored against an expert-derived record. In pre-PCI planning CA-GPT's median agreement was 5 against 3 for ChatGPT-5 and 4 for junior physicians. It “showed superior performance to junior physicians in stent diameter (90.3% vs. 72.2%, P<0.05) and length selection (80.6% vs. 52.8%, P<0.01)”. Machine Heart (Sina, 16 December 2025) says Li Yan's team at Tangdu Hospital and Zhu Rui's at Shenzhen Tsinghua University Research Institute built it. They used open-source DeepSeek with retrieval over a million cardiovascular papers, on a Vivolight OCT platform. The Monitor pairs this study with a Xinhua report (13 December 2025) on the “Titian” ablation robot at Shaoxing People's Hospital. It describes teleoperation and no AI function." } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "summary", "account" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].autonomy_permissions": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].component_role": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "text", "text": "CA-GPT proposed decisions before and after coronary intervention for comparison with expert assessments." }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Restated the mechanical task already described in the existing system and AI-role fields. No new source review is claimed.", "record_fields": [ "system", "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].deployment_configuration": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "text", "text": "Machine Heart reports that CA-GPT combined an open-source DeepSeek model with retrieval from more than one million cardiovascular papers and guidelines." }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Separated the model, software, hardware, or operation already described in the existing record. No new source review is claimed.", "record_fields": [ "model_version", "system", "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].inputs_outputs": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "text", "text": "The system retrieved cardiovascular literature and proposed decisions before and after coronary intervention." }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Separated the model, software, hardware, or operation already described in the existing record. No new source review is claimed.", "record_fields": [ "system", "ai_role", "replication", "account" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].model_name": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "text", "text": "A DeepSeek model within CA-GPT, according to Machine Heart." }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Separated the model, software, hardware, or operation already described in the existing record. No new source review is claimed.", "record_fields": [ "model_version", "system", "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].model_version": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "model_version": "CA-GPT built on open-source DeepSeek with retrieval-augmented generation over more than one million cardiovascular papers and guidelines, per Machine Heart; version not stated" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "model_version" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial", "display": { "answer": "Exact release not established.", "editor_note": "" } }, "systems[].product_name": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "system": "CA-GPT large model on an AI-OCT system (COMPARE study)" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "system" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].provider": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "structured", "data": { "application_developer": "Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Li Yan's team) with Shenzhen Tsinghua University Research Institute (Zhu Rui's team), on a Vivolight Medtech OCT platform" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.", "record_fields": [ "developer" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "title": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "title": "CA-GPT, a DeepSeek-based model on an AI-OCT system led by Tangdu Hospital, agrees with expert PCI plans more than ChatGPT-5 and junior physicians in a 96-patient single-center preprint", "headline": "An OCT-reading model beats ChatGPT-5 at planning coronary stents" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "title", "headline" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "version": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "identifiers", "identifiers": [ "cbb0cf3958734859783ffb7e4435f323a12e0466f839fa935a8eacc251a70c90" ], "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data" }, "provenance": { "kind": "curatorial", "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.", "record_fields": [], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "complete" }, "workflow": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "account": "An arXiv preprint of 11 December 2025 (Fang et al., last author Yan Li) reports the single-center COMPARE study. It compared CA-GPT, “a novel large model deployed on an AI-OCT system”, with ChatGPT-5 and junior physicians. This was in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Decisions for 96 patients were scored against an expert-derived record. In pre-PCI planning CA-GPT's median agreement was 5 against 3 for ChatGPT-5 and 4 for junior physicians. It “showed superior performance to junior physicians in stent diameter (90.3% vs. 72.2%, P<0.05) and length selection (80.6% vs. 52.8%, P<0.01)”. Machine Heart (Sina, 16 December 2025) says Li Yan's team at Tangdu Hospital and Zhu Rui's at Shenzhen Tsinghua University Research Institute built it. They used open-source DeepSeek with retrieval over a million cardiovascular papers, on a Vivolight OCT platform. The Monitor pairs this study with a Xinhua report (13 December 2025) on the “Titian” ablation robot at Shaoxing People's Hospital. It describes teleoperation and no AI function.", "replication": { "produced_by": [ "A domain model built on DeepSeek with retrieval over cardiovascular literature and guidelines", "Deployment on a Vivolight OCT imaging platform with the team's own image-analysis functions", "An expert-derived procedural record from one center used as the reference standard", "Scoring of decisions on ten pre-specified metrics across pre- and post-PCI phases" ], "must_hold": [ "OCT image quality and lesion mix comparable to the 96-patient cohort", "The expert reference record is accepted as correct", "Prospective use with clinicians acting on the output, which the study did not test" ], "echoes": [] } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "account", "replication" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" } }, "summary": { "total": 91, "addressed": 91, "known": 32, "reviewed": 0, "record_mapped": 32, "not_assessed": 59, "complete": false, "by_state": { "value_present": 32, "not_reported": 0, "unresolved": 0, "not_assessed": 59, "not_applicable": 0, "withheld": 0, "source_unavailable": 0 } } } }