{ "id": "AIBD-0358", "title": "TrailGuard AI cameras in the Kanha-Pench corridor transmit tiger alerts to researchers and forest officials 30 to 42 seconds after detection in a 2022 pilot", "summary": "BioScience 2023: 12 TrailGuard AI cameras ran in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh, mid-May to mid-July 2022 (591 trap nights); tiger notifications arrived 30 to 42 seconds after detection.", "date_observed": "2023-09-14", "date_basis": "unassessed", "date_precision": "unassessed", "benefit_status": null, "source_collection": null, "source_entry": null, "account": "Dertien et al. reported in BioScience (published 14 September 2023) that 12 TrailGuard AI camera-alert systems ran in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh. They ran from mid-May to mid-July 2022 (591 trap nights). The cameras run embedded AI on an Intel Myriad chip to detect tigers and humans and transmit only images of interest. Researchers and forest department officials received tiger notifications 30 to 42 seconds after detection. AFP (Taipei Times, 6 October 2023) reported the study's claim. The cameras were “immediately effective, picking up a tiger just 300 meters from a village”. The Hindu (16 September 2023) reported the Madhya Pradesh deployment. It quoted H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum on plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves. The paper's second site, Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh, where a unit captured armed poachers, is recorded separately. No forest department document on the pilot is among the sources.", "category": "protective response", "unexpected": false, "purpose": "Real-time detection of tigers and humans for human-wildlife conflict early warning and anti-poaching. The reported detections and follow-up were the intended use.", "system": "TrailGuard AI camera-alert system with embedded AI (Intel Myriad processor; detectors trained with CVEDIA synthetic renderings)", "model_version": "2022 pilot units", "developer": "RESOLVE (design) with CVEDIA Ltd (AI training); units manufactured by Nightjar", "deployer": "Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh forest departments with Clemson University, Wildlife Institute of India and Global Tiger Forum", "location": "Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh, India", "domain": "Wildlife protection and human-wildlife conflict", "segment": "State forest departments and conservation research partners", "benefit_type": "Improved Environmental Sustainability", "taxonomy_note": null, "registry_ids": {}, "ratings": [ { "group": "personal", "depth": null, "reason": "No identified individual beneficiary. Villagers near three units are mentioned only as sources of daily notifications." }, { "group": "organizational", "depth": 1, "reason": "Researchers and forest department officials received tiger alerts 30 to 42 seconds after detection during the two-month pilot. No action taken on an alert is documented." }, { "group": "societal", "depth": null, "reason": "No measured effect on human-wildlife conflict in the two-month pilot of 12 cameras." } ], "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "Embedded AI on the camera selected and transmitted images of tigers and humans within 30 to 42 seconds. That is the mechanism in the developer-affiliated BioScience paper. Whether any alert changed what villagers or officials did is not documented." }, "evidence": [ { "kind": "peer-reviewed study", "citation": "Dertien, J. S., Negi, H., Dinerstein, E., Krishnamurthy, R., Negi, H. S., Gopal, R., Gulick, S., Pathak, S. K., Kapoor, M., Yadav, P., Benitez, M., Ferreira, M., Wijnveen, A. J., Lee, A. T. L., Wright, B., Baldwin, R. F. (2023). Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and monitoring endangered tigers using a real-time camera-based alert system. BioScience 73(10), 748-756. doi:10.1093/biosci/biad076", "title": "Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and monitoring endangered tigers using a real-time camera-based alert system", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad076", "date": "2023-09-14", "written_by": "makers", "quote": "We successfully captured and transmitted the first images of tigers using cameras with embedded AI and detected poachers." }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "AFP (2023). AI of the tiger: Tiny camera 'protects' predator - and people. Taipei Times, 6 October 2023.", "title": "AI of the tiger: Tiny camera 'protects' predator - and people", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276", "date": "2023-10-06", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "The research claims the cameras were immediately effective, picking up a tiger just 300 meters from a village, and on another occasion identifying a team of poachers." } ], "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Camera units with on-device detectors for tigers and humans placed on trails", "Cellular or satellite transmission to officials' phones and email", "Forest department staff willing to act on transmitted images", "Research consortium funding (Tigers United, Clemson, Khosla grant)" ], "must_hold": [ "Transmission path within cell range or via the slower protocol", "Detector accuracy high enough to avoid alert fatigue", "Investigative follow-up by forest and police authorities", "Battery life and concealment of units" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2025-02-17", "setting": "Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha: TrailGuard AI cameras linked to multiple poacher arrests (recorded separately as AIBD-0102)", "model_version": null, "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-fit-cameras-in-similipal-tiger-reserve-send-poaching-plummeting/article69225924.ece" }, { "date": null, "setting": "Plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves, per H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum in The Hindu", "model_version": null, "outcome": "unknown", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-cameras-to-curb-poaching/article67315766.ece" } ] }, "paired_incident": null, "headline": "TrailGuard AI sends tiger alerts within 30 to 42 seconds", "metric": "tiger notifications arrived 30 to 42 seconds after detection", "comparator": { "against": "conventional camera traps tripped by passing boars or falling leaves", "before": null, "after": "almost wiped out false alarms", "basis": "assumed", "quote": "They say their system was the first AI camera to identify and transmit a picture of a tiger, and it has almost wiped out false alarms — when traps are tripped by passing boars or falling leaves.", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276" }, "later": { "status": "scaled", "date": "2023-10-06", "note": "AFP reported that RESOLVE's Eric Dinerstein was widening the TrailGuard rollout to larger animals such as elephants; the BioScience article also notes continued transmission from Kanha-Pench and other reserves.", "quote": "Those uncertainties aside, Dinerstein is widening the rollout of TrailGuard — this time with even bigger animals in his sights.", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276" }, "value": null, "developer_country": "United States", "deployer_country": "India", "unrated_because": null, "brief_notes": null, "brief": null, "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Narrowed to the Kanha-Pench pilot; the Dudhwa poacher detection from the same paper is recorded separately as AIBD-0318.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since from the cited sources.", "source": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276; https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://www.3blmedia.com/news/trailguard-ai-named-times-list-best-inventions-2023; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" } ], "confidence": "reported", "shade": "medium", "claim_status": "Independently reported", "claim_basis": "Sources: one independent news report and the makers' peer-reviewed study. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.", "profile": { "case_id": "AIBD-0358", "catalog_version": "1.0.0", "source_fingerprint": "b8c957579f35e7fc9fae4447086ddc6204eb2f610b0e4b44bc2b988b71a6e26c", "collection_refs": [ { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "snapshot-8bf7cfec9cb185aa" }, { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "2026-10-25" }, { "collection_id": "viator", "version": "2026-10-25" }, { "collection_id": "adyt", "version": "2026-10-25" } ], "source_ids": [ "AIBD-0358-source-0001", "AIBD-0358-source-0002" ], "families": { "strategic assessments": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "evaluations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "monetary observations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "institutional decisions": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] } }, "fields": { "actors[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "developer": "RESOLVE (design) with CVEDIA Ltd (AI training); units manufactured by Nightjar", "deployer": "Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh forest departments with Clemson University, Wildlife Institute of India and Global Tiger Forum" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "developer", "deployer" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "actors[].ownership_control": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "ai_contribution": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "Embedded AI on the camera selected and transmitted images of tigers and humans within 30 to 42 seconds. That is the mechanism in the developer-affiliated BioScience paper. Whether any alert changed what villagers or officials did is not documented." } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "ai_relationship": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "category": "protective response", "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "Embedded AI on the camera selected and transmitted images of tigers and humans within 30 to 42 seconds. That is the mechanism in the developer-affiliated BioScience paper. Whether any alert changed what villagers or officials did is not documented." } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "ai_role", "category" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "assessments[].alternatives": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "assessments[].assessor_date": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "assessments[].depth": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ratings": [ { "group": "personal", "reason": "No identified individual beneficiary. 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No action taken on an alert is documented." }, { "group": "societal", "reason": "No measured effect on human-wildlife conflict in the two-month pilot of 12 cameras." } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "ratings" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "assessments[].rubric_version": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "assessments[].status_basis": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "assessments[].target": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ratings": [ { "group": "personal", "reason": "No identified individual beneficiary. 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notifications arrived 30 to 42 seconds after detection", "editor_note": "" } }, "evaluations[].reproduction_materials": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "family": "evaluations" }, "evaluations[].setting_sample": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "family": "evaluations" }, "evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "family": "evaluations" }, "external_references[]": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "follow_up[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "later": { "status": "scaled", "date": "2023-10-06", "note": "AFP reported that RESOLVE's Eric Dinerstein was widening the TrailGuard rollout to larger animals such as elephants; the BioScience article also notes continued transmission from Kanha-Pench and other reserves.", "quote": "Those uncertainties aside, Dinerstein is widening the rollout of TrailGuard — this time with even bigger animals in his sights.", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276" } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "later" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "human_oversight": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "id": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "id": "AIBD-0358" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "id" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "infrastructure_dependencies[]": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].beneficiaries": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].beneficiary_count": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].benefit_type": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "benefit_type": "Improved Environmental Sustainability" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "benefit_type" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].claim": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "account": "Dertien et al. reported in BioScience (published 14 September 2023) that 12 TrailGuard AI camera-alert systems ran in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh. They ran from mid-May to mid-July 2022 (591 trap nights). The cameras run embedded AI on an Intel Myriad chip to detect tigers and humans and transmit only images of interest. Researchers and forest department officials received tiger notifications 30 to 42 seconds after detection. AFP (Taipei Times, 6 October 2023) reported the study's claim. The cameras were “immediately effective, picking up a tiger just 300 meters from a village”. The Hindu (16 September 2023) reported the Madhya Pradesh deployment. It quoted H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum on plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves. The paper's second site, Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh, where a unit captured armed poachers, is recorded separately. No forest department document on the pilot is among the sources.", "benefit_type": "Improved Environmental Sustainability" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "account", "benefit_type" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].distribution": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].duration": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].id": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ratings": [ { "group": "personal", "reason": "No identified individual beneficiary. Villagers near three units are mentioned only as sources of daily notifications." }, { "group": "organizational", "depth": 1, "reason": "Researchers and forest department officials received tiger alerts 30 to 42 seconds after detection during the two-month pilot. No action taken on an alert is documented." }, { "group": "societal", "reason": "No measured effect on human-wildlife conflict in the two-month pilot of 12 cameras." } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "ratings" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].status": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].tradeoffs": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].unexpected": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "unexpected": false, "purpose": "Real-time detection of tigers and humans for human-wildlife conflict early warning and anti-poaching. The reported detections and follow-up were the intended use." } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "unexpected", "purpose" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "places[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "location": "Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh, India", "developer_country": "United States", "deployer_country": "India" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "location", "developer_country", "deployer_country" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "purpose": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "purpose": "Real-time detection of tigers and humans for human-wildlife conflict early warning and anti-poaching. The reported detections and follow-up were the intended use." } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "purpose" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "record_dates": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "date_observed": "2023-09-14", "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Narrowed to the Kanha-Pench pilot; the Dudhwa poacher detection from the same paper is recorded separately as AIBD-0318.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since from the cited sources.", "source": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276; https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://www.3blmedia.com/news/trailguard-ai-named-times-list-best-inventions-2023; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "date_observed", "revisions" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "replication.attempts[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Camera units with on-device detectors for tigers and humans placed on trails", "Cellular or satellite transmission to officials' phones and email", "Forest department staff willing to act on transmitted images", "Research consortium funding (Tigers United, Clemson, Khosla grant)" ], "must_hold": [ "Transmission path within cell range or via the slower protocol", "Detector accuracy high enough to avoid alert fatigue", "Investigative follow-up by forest and police authorities", "Battery life and concealment of units" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2025-02-17", "setting": "Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha: TrailGuard AI cameras linked to multiple poacher arrests (recorded separately as AIBD-0102)", "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-fit-cameras-in-similipal-tiger-reserve-send-poaching-plummeting/article69225924.ece" }, { "setting": "Plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves, per H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum in The Hindu", "outcome": "unknown", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-cameras-to-curb-poaching/article67315766.ece" } ] } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "replication" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "replication.conditions": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Camera units with on-device detectors for tigers and humans placed on trails", "Cellular or satellite transmission to officials' phones and email", "Forest department staff willing to act on transmitted images", "Research consortium funding (Tigers United, Clemson, Khosla grant)" ], "must_hold": [ "Transmission path within cell range or via the slower protocol", "Detector accuracy high enough to avoid alert fatigue", "Investigative follow-up by forest and police authorities", "Battery life and concealment of units" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2025-02-17", "setting": "Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha: TrailGuard AI cameras linked to multiple poacher arrests (recorded separately as AIBD-0102)", "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-fit-cameras-in-similipal-tiger-reserve-send-poaching-plummeting/article69225924.ece" }, { "setting": "Plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves, per H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum in The Hindu", "outcome": "unknown", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-cameras-to-curb-poaching/article67315766.ece" } ] } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "replication" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "revision_history[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Narrowed to the Kanha-Pench pilot; the Dudhwa poacher detection from the same paper is recorded separately as AIBD-0318.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since from the cited sources.", "source": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276; https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://www.3blmedia.com/news/trailguard-ai-named-times-list-best-inventions-2023; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "revisions" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sector": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "domain": "Wildlife protection and human-wildlife conflict", "segment": "State forest departments and conservation research partners" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "domain", "segment" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].access_version": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].citation_locator": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "evidence": [ { "kind": "peer-reviewed study", "citation": "Dertien, J. S., Negi, H., Dinerstein, E., Krishnamurthy, R., Negi, H. S., Gopal, R., Gulick, S., Pathak, S. K., Kapoor, M., Yadav, P., Benitez, M., Ferreira, M., Wijnveen, A. J., Lee, A. T. L., Wright, B., Baldwin, R. F. (2023). Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and monitoring endangered tigers using a real-time camera-based alert system. BioScience 73(10), 748-756. doi:10.1093/biosci/biad076", "title": "Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and monitoring endangered tigers using a real-time camera-based alert system", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad076", "date": "2023-09-14", "written_by": "makers", "quote": "We successfully captured and transmitted the first images of tigers using cameras with embedded AI and detected poachers." }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "AFP (2023). AI of the tiger: Tiny camera 'protects' predator - and people. Taipei Times, 6 October 2023.", "title": "AI of the tiger: Tiny camera 'protects' predator - and people", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276", "date": "2023-10-06", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "The research claims the cameras were immediately effective, picking up a tiger just 300 meters from a village, and on another occasion identifying a team of poachers." } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "evidence" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].id": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "identifiers", "identifiers": [ "AIBD-0358-source-0001", "AIBD-0358-source-0002" ], "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order" }, "provenance": { "kind": "curatorial", "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.", "record_fields": [], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "complete" }, "sources[].language": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].relationship": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "evidence": [ { "kind": "peer-reviewed study", "citation": "Dertien, J. S., Negi, H., Dinerstein, E., Krishnamurthy, R., Negi, H. S., Gopal, R., Gulick, S., Pathak, S. K., Kapoor, M., Yadav, P., Benitez, M., Ferreira, M., Wijnveen, A. J., Lee, A. T. L., Wright, B., Baldwin, R. F. (2023). Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and monitoring endangered tigers using a real-time camera-based alert system. BioScience 73(10), 748-756. doi:10.1093/biosci/biad076", "title": "Mitigating human-wildlife conflict and monitoring endangered tigers using a real-time camera-based alert system", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad076", "date": "2023-09-14", "written_by": "makers", "quote": "We successfully captured and transmitted the first images of tigers using cameras with embedded AI and detected poachers." }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "AFP (2023). AI of the tiger: Tiny camera 'protects' predator - and people. Taipei Times, 6 October 2023.", "title": "AI of the tiger: Tiny camera 'protects' predator - and people", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2023/10/06/2003807276", "date": "2023-10-06", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "The research claims the cameras were immediately effective, picking up a tiger just 300 meters from a village, and on another occasion identifying a team of poachers." } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "evidence" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].upstream_sources": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "strategic_assessments[]": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "family": "strategic assessments" }, "summary": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "summary": "BioScience 2023: 12 TrailGuard AI cameras ran in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh, mid-May to mid-July 2022 (591 trap nights); tiger notifications arrived 30 to 42 seconds after detection.", "account": "Dertien et al. reported in BioScience (published 14 September 2023) that 12 TrailGuard AI camera-alert systems ran in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh. They ran from mid-May to mid-July 2022 (591 trap nights). The cameras run embedded AI on an Intel Myriad chip to detect tigers and humans and transmit only images of interest. Researchers and forest department officials received tiger notifications 30 to 42 seconds after detection. AFP (Taipei Times, 6 October 2023) reported the study's claim. The cameras were “immediately effective, picking up a tiger just 300 meters from a village”. The Hindu (16 September 2023) reported the Madhya Pradesh deployment. It quoted H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum on plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves. The paper's second site, Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh, where a unit captured armed poachers, is recorded separately. No forest department document on the pilot is among the sources." } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "summary", "account" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].autonomy_permissions": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].component_role": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "text", "text": "The camera’s models detected tigers and people and transmitted selected images." }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Restated the mechanical task already described in the existing system and AI-role fields. No new source review is claimed.", "record_fields": [ "system", "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].deployment_configuration": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "text", "text": "The deployment used the 2022 pilot units." }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Separated the model, software, hardware, or operation already described in the existing record. No new source review is claimed.", "record_fields": [ "model_version", "system", "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].inputs_outputs": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].model_name": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].model_version": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "model_version": "2022 pilot units" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "model_version" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial", "display": { "answer": "Exact release not established.", "editor_note": "" } }, "systems[].product_name": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "system": "TrailGuard AI camera-alert system with embedded AI (Intel Myriad processor; detectors trained with CVEDIA synthetic renderings)" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "system" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].provider": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "structured", "data": { "application_developer": "RESOLVE (design) with CVEDIA Ltd (AI training); units manufactured by Nightjar" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.", "record_fields": [ "developer" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "title": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "title": "TrailGuard AI cameras in the Kanha-Pench corridor transmit tiger alerts to researchers and forest officials 30 to 42 seconds after detection in a 2022 pilot", "headline": "TrailGuard AI sends tiger alerts within 30 to 42 seconds" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "title", "headline" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "version": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "identifiers", "identifiers": [ "b8c957579f35e7fc9fae4447086ddc6204eb2f610b0e4b44bc2b988b71a6e26c" ], "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data" }, "provenance": { "kind": "curatorial", "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.", "record_fields": [], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "complete" }, "workflow": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "account": "Dertien et al. reported in BioScience (published 14 September 2023) that 12 TrailGuard AI camera-alert systems ran in the Kanha-Pench corridor, Madhya Pradesh. They ran from mid-May to mid-July 2022 (591 trap nights). The cameras run embedded AI on an Intel Myriad chip to detect tigers and humans and transmit only images of interest. Researchers and forest department officials received tiger notifications 30 to 42 seconds after detection. AFP (Taipei Times, 6 October 2023) reported the study's claim. The cameras were “immediately effective, picking up a tiger just 300 meters from a village”. The Hindu (16 September 2023) reported the Madhya Pradesh deployment. It quoted H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum on plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves. The paper's second site, Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh, where a unit captured armed poachers, is recorded separately. No forest department document on the pilot is among the sources.", "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Camera units with on-device detectors for tigers and humans placed on trails", "Cellular or satellite transmission to officials' phones and email", "Forest department staff willing to act on transmitted images", "Research consortium funding (Tigers United, Clemson, Khosla grant)" ], "must_hold": [ "Transmission path within cell range or via the slower protocol", "Detector accuracy high enough to avoid alert fatigue", "Investigative follow-up by forest and police authorities", "Battery life and concealment of units" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2025-02-17", "setting": "Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha: TrailGuard AI cameras linked to multiple poacher arrests (recorded separately as AIBD-0102)", "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-fit-cameras-in-similipal-tiger-reserve-send-poaching-plummeting/article69225924.ece" }, { "setting": "Plans to incorporate the system in other tiger reserves, per H.S. Negi of the Global Tiger Forum in The Hindu", "outcome": "unknown", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ai-cameras-to-curb-poaching/article67315766.ece" } ] } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "account", "replication" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" } }, "summary": { "total": 91, "addressed": 91, "known": 32, "reviewed": 0, "record_mapped": 32, "not_assessed": 59, "complete": false, "by_state": { "value_present": 32, "not_reported": 0, "unresolved": 0, "not_assessed": 59, "not_applicable": 0, "withheld": 0, "source_unavailable": 0 } } } }