{
  "id": "AIBD-0357",
  "title": "Kenya Wildlife Service installs AI-enabled FLIR thermal cameras at Solio, Lake Nakuru and Ol Pejeta to send intrusion alerts to rhino rangers",
  "summary": "KWS installed AI-enabled FLIR thermal cameras at three black rhino sites by Sept 2024 (US State Department and WWF funding); intrusion alerts only; no AI-linked arrest or prevented event documented.",
  "date_observed": "2024-09-21",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "Citizen Digital reported on 21 September 2024 that the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) had installed FLIR thermal cameras at three black rhino sites. The US Department of State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs and WWF supported it. They are Solio Game Reserve, Lake Nakuru National Park and Ol Pejeta Conservancy, with Solio the latest and Meru National Park named next. Geoffrey Chege (WWF-Kenya) said the cameras “have inbuilt analytics that send out automated alerts every time they detect an intrusion from humans, vehicles or wildlife”. Colby Loucks of WWF-US said the cameras “can tell you when a human is in the picture or an animal” and alert rangers. KWS Director General Dr Erustus Kanga said: “I am aware that over the last six years, we have not lost a single black rhino in this sanctuary”. That predates the Solio installation. The article reports no arrest, interception or prevented poaching event attributable to the cameras.",
  "category": "general benefit",
  "unexpected": false,
  "purpose": "Automated night-time detection of human and vehicle intrusion at rhino sanctuaries to alert rangers. The claimed benefit is the intended one.",
  "system": "Teledyne FLIR thermal cameras with on-board AI analytics for human, vehicle and animal classification and automated ranger alerts",
  "model_version": null,
  "developer": "Teledyne FLIR (camera analytics; developer named only as FLIR in the cited source)",
  "deployer": "Kenya Wildlife Service with WWF-Kenya, WWF-US and WWF-UK; Solio Game Reserve management",
  "location": "Solio Game Reserve, Lake Nakuru National Park and Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya",
  "domain": "Wildlife protection and anti-poaching",
  "segment": "National wildlife authority and private conservancies",
  "benefit_type": "Improved Environmental Sustainability",
  "taxonomy_note": "Intrusion alerts at rhino sites protect an endangered species, which Trustible's description reaches only as “improved environment”; no interception is documented.",
  "registry_ids": {},
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "personal",
      "depth": null,
      "reason": "No individual beneficiary or ranger outcome is documented."
    },
    {
      "group": "organizational",
      "depth": null,
      "reason": "KWS reports installation and intent, not a detected intrusion or response."
    },
    {
      "group": "societal",
      "depth": null,
      "reason": "Kenya's reduced poaching figures cited in the article are not linked to the cameras."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "The sole cited source is one news report (Citizen Digital, 21 September 2024). It describes AI analytics that classify humans, vehicles and animals in thermal video and alert rangers automatically. The statements come from WWF and KWS officials at the handover ceremony. No alert, arrest or prevented poaching event is attributed to the system in any cited source. Its contribution to rhino protection is not established."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras to stop black rhino poaching. Citizen Digital, 21 Sep 2024.",
      "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras to stop black rhino poaching",
      "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
      "date": "2024-09-21",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "The artificial intelligence-enabled FLIR cameras have inbuilt analytics that send out automated alerts every time they detect an intrusion from humans, vehicles or wildlife."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). Same article, KWS Director General Dr Erustus Kanga quoted.",
      "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras (Director General statement)",
      "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
      "date": "2024-09-21",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "I am aware that over the last six years, we have not lost a single black rhino in this sanctuary."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). Same article, funding statement.",
      "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras (funding)",
      "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
      "date": "2024-09-21",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "came from the US State Department through WWF US and the WWF UK"
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "Thermal cameras with on-board human/vehicle/animal analytics at sanctuary perimeters",
      "Ranger teams receiving automated alerts",
      "Donor funding (US State Department INL via WWF) for installation and upgrades"
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "Camera coverage of intrusion routes",
      "Ranger response capacity at night",
      "Maintenance and power at remote sites",
      "Evaluation that records alerts and responses, absent so far"
    ],
    "echoes": [
      {
        "date": null,
        "setting": "Lake Nakuru National Park camera system upgraded under the same program",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "unknown",
        "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
      },
      {
        "date": null,
        "setting": "Meru National Park named as the next installation site",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "unknown",
        "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
      }
    ]
  },
  "paired_incident": null,
  "headline": "KWS's FLIR cameras send intrusion alerts at three rhino sites",
  "metric": null,
  "comparator": null,
  "later": {
    "status": "unknown",
    "date": null,
    "note": "The article names Meru National Park as the next site; nothing dated after 21 September 2024 was found in the cited sources.",
    "quote": null,
    "url": null
  },
  "value": null,
  "developer_country": "United States",
  "deployer_country": "Kenya",
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
  "brief": null,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledyne_FLIR; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Wildlife_Service",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Prose pass: account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    }
  ],
  "confidence": "reported",
  "shade": "medium",
  "claim_status": "Independently reported",
  "claim_basis": "Sources: one independent news report. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
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            "account": "Citizen Digital reported on 21 September 2024 that the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) had installed FLIR thermal cameras at three black rhino sites. The US Department of State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs and WWF supported it. They are Solio Game Reserve, Lake Nakuru National Park and Ol Pejeta Conservancy, with Solio the latest and Meru National Park named next. Geoffrey Chege (WWF-Kenya) said the cameras “have inbuilt analytics that send out automated alerts every time they detect an intrusion from humans, vehicles or wildlife”. Colby Loucks of WWF-US said the cameras “can tell you when a human is in the picture or an animal” and alert rangers. KWS Director General Dr Erustus Kanga said: “I am aware that over the last six years, we have not lost a single black rhino in this sanctuary”. That predates the Solio installation. The article reports no arrest, interception or prevented poaching event attributable to the cameras.",
            "benefit_type": "Improved Environmental Sustainability"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].distribution": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].duration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "personal",
                "reason": "No individual beneficiary or ranger outcome is documented."
              },
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "reason": "KWS reports installation and intent, not a detected intrusion or response."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "reason": "Kenya's reduced poaching figures cited in the article are not linked to the cameras."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].status": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].tradeoffs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].unexpected": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "unexpected": false,
            "purpose": "Automated night-time detection of human and vehicle intrusion at rhino sanctuaries to alert rangers. The claimed benefit is the intended one."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "unexpected",
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "places[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "location": "Solio Game Reserve, Lake Nakuru National Park and Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya",
            "developer_country": "United States",
            "deployer_country": "Kenya"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "location",
            "developer_country",
            "deployer_country"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "purpose": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "purpose": "Automated night-time detection of human and vehicle intrusion at rhino sanctuaries to alert rangers. The claimed benefit is the intended one."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "record_dates": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "date_observed": "2024-09-21",
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledyne_FLIR; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Wildlife_Service",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "date_observed",
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.attempts[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "Thermal cameras with on-board human/vehicle/animal analytics at sanctuary perimeters",
                "Ranger teams receiving automated alerts",
                "Donor funding (US State Department INL via WWF) for installation and upgrades"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "Camera coverage of intrusion routes",
                "Ranger response capacity at night",
                "Maintenance and power at remote sites",
                "Evaluation that records alerts and responses, absent so far"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "Lake Nakuru National Park camera system upgraded under the same program",
                  "outcome": "unknown",
                  "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
                },
                {
                  "setting": "Meru National Park named as the next installation site",
                  "outcome": "unknown",
                  "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.conditions": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "Thermal cameras with on-board human/vehicle/animal analytics at sanctuary perimeters",
                "Ranger teams receiving automated alerts",
                "Donor funding (US State Department INL via WWF) for installation and upgrades"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "Camera coverage of intrusion routes",
                "Ranger response capacity at night",
                "Maintenance and power at remote sites",
                "Evaluation that records alerts and responses, absent so far"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "Lake Nakuru National Park camera system upgraded under the same program",
                  "outcome": "unknown",
                  "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
                },
                {
                  "setting": "Meru National Park named as the next installation site",
                  "outcome": "unknown",
                  "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "revision_history[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledyne_FLIR; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Wildlife_Service",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sector": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "domain": "Wildlife protection and anti-poaching",
            "segment": "National wildlife authority and private conservancies"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "domain",
            "segment"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].access_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].citation_locator": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras to stop black rhino poaching. Citizen Digital, 21 Sep 2024.",
                "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras to stop black rhino poaching",
                "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
                "date": "2024-09-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "The artificial intelligence-enabled FLIR cameras have inbuilt analytics that send out automated alerts every time they detect an intrusion from humans, vehicles or wildlife."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). Same article, KWS Director General Dr Erustus Kanga quoted.",
                "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras (Director General statement)",
                "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
                "date": "2024-09-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "I am aware that over the last six years, we have not lost a single black rhino in this sanctuary."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). Same article, funding statement.",
                "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras (funding)",
                "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
                "date": "2024-09-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "came from the US State Department through WWF US and the WWF UK"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "AIBD-0357-source-0001",
            "AIBD-0357-source-0002",
            "AIBD-0357-source-0003"
          ],
          "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "sources[].language": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras to stop black rhino poaching. Citizen Digital, 21 Sep 2024.",
                "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras to stop black rhino poaching",
                "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
                "date": "2024-09-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "The artificial intelligence-enabled FLIR cameras have inbuilt analytics that send out automated alerts every time they detect an intrusion from humans, vehicles or wildlife."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). Same article, KWS Director General Dr Erustus Kanga quoted.",
                "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras (Director General statement)",
                "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
                "date": "2024-09-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "I am aware that over the last six years, we have not lost a single black rhino in this sanctuary."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Citizen Reporter (2024). Same article, funding statement.",
                "title": "KWS, rhino sites using AI-enabled cameras (funding)",
                "url": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961",
                "date": "2024-09-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "came from the US State Department through WWF US and the WWF UK"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].upstream_sources": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "strategic_assessments[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "strategic assessments"
      },
      "summary": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "summary": "KWS installed AI-enabled FLIR thermal cameras at three black rhino sites by Sept 2024 (US State Department and WWF funding); intrusion alerts only; no AI-linked arrest or prevented event documented.",
            "account": "Citizen Digital reported on 21 September 2024 that the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) had installed FLIR thermal cameras at three black rhino sites. The US Department of State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs and WWF supported it. They are Solio Game Reserve, Lake Nakuru National Park and Ol Pejeta Conservancy, with Solio the latest and Meru National Park named next. Geoffrey Chege (WWF-Kenya) said the cameras “have inbuilt analytics that send out automated alerts every time they detect an intrusion from humans, vehicles or wildlife”. Colby Loucks of WWF-US said the cameras “can tell you when a human is in the picture or an animal” and alert rangers. KWS Director General Dr Erustus Kanga said: “I am aware that over the last six years, we have not lost a single black rhino in this sanctuary”. That predates the Solio installation. The article reports no arrest, interception or prevented poaching event attributable to the cameras."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "summary",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].autonomy_permissions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].component_role": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].deployment_configuration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].inputs_outputs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_name": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].product_name": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "system": "Teledyne FLIR thermal cameras with on-board AI analytics for human, vehicle and animal classification and automated ranger alerts"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "system"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].provider": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "structured",
          "data": {
            "application_developer": "Teledyne FLIR (camera analytics; developer named only as FLIR in the cited source)"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "developer"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "title": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "title": "Kenya Wildlife Service installs AI-enabled FLIR thermal cameras at Solio, Lake Nakuru and Ol Pejeta to send intrusion alerts to rhino rangers",
            "headline": "KWS's FLIR cameras send intrusion alerts at three rhino sites"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "title",
            "headline"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "version": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "78575ef230d9f2d3194cbfda50cc133cbbe7be7f6d3e448b16246f06635e3eff"
          ],
          "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "workflow": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "Citizen Digital reported on 21 September 2024 that the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) had installed FLIR thermal cameras at three black rhino sites. The US Department of State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs and WWF supported it. They are Solio Game Reserve, Lake Nakuru National Park and Ol Pejeta Conservancy, with Solio the latest and Meru National Park named next. Geoffrey Chege (WWF-Kenya) said the cameras “have inbuilt analytics that send out automated alerts every time they detect an intrusion from humans, vehicles or wildlife”. Colby Loucks of WWF-US said the cameras “can tell you when a human is in the picture or an animal” and alert rangers. KWS Director General Dr Erustus Kanga said: “I am aware that over the last six years, we have not lost a single black rhino in this sanctuary”. That predates the Solio installation. The article reports no arrest, interception or prevented poaching event attributable to the cameras.",
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "Thermal cameras with on-board human/vehicle/animal analytics at sanctuary perimeters",
                "Ranger teams receiving automated alerts",
                "Donor funding (US State Department INL via WWF) for installation and upgrades"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "Camera coverage of intrusion routes",
                "Ranger response capacity at night",
                "Maintenance and power at remote sites",
                "Evaluation that records alerts and responses, absent so far"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "Lake Nakuru National Park camera system upgraded under the same program",
                  "outcome": "unknown",
                  "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
                },
                {
                  "setting": "Meru National Park named as the next installation site",
                  "outcome": "unknown",
                  "source": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/kws-rhino-sites-using-ai-enabled-cameras-to-stop-black-rhino-poaching-n349961"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      }
    },
    "summary": {
      "total": 91,
      "addressed": 91,
      "known": 28,
      "reviewed": 0,
      "record_mapped": 28,
      "not_assessed": 63,
      "complete": false,
      "by_state": {
        "value_present": 28,
        "not_reported": 0,
        "unresolved": 0,
        "not_assessed": 63,
        "not_applicable": 0,
        "withheld": 0,
        "source_unavailable": 0
      }
    }
  }
}