{
  "id": "AIBD-0342",
  "title": "UNEP MARS notification leads an operator to stop a 1,200-tonne methane pipeline leak in Kazakhstan (KAZ_S_136); IMEO observed emissions at the site again by May 2026",
  "summary": "UNEP IMEO case KAZ_S_136: pipeline leak first detected Sept 2025, operator rerouted gas, mitigation reported 26 Nov 2025, last emissions 12 Mar 2026; subsequent emissions seen as of 21 May 2026.",
  "date_observed": "2025-11-26",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "UNEP's International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) publishes a Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) case document for source KAZ_S_136. It is an oil-and-gas pipeline in Kazakhstan at 43.39767°, 52.49505°. The document gives coordinates only. The document records first detection in September 2025, a plume imaged by DLR's EnMAP on 29 October 2025 and estimated emissions of 1,200 tonnes. The operator transferred the gas flow from the affected pipeline to another pipeline, stopping the emissions. Mitigation was reported on 26 November 2025. Last emissions were detected on 12 March 2026 (document updated 15 April 2026). A footnote states that as of 21 May 2026 IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions at the location and continues to engage stakeholders. UNEP's MARS page states that IMEO uses data from more than 30 satellite instruments coupled with scientific expertise and advanced AI models. It uses them to notify governments and companies. The Chemical Engineer (5 May 2026), relaying UNEP's snapshot, counts one Kazakhstan source among six that stopped emitting in 2026 after MARS alerts. UNEP's September 2026 snapshot reports a confirmed Kazakhstan gas-pipeline mitigation of an estimated 365 tonnes over one month. Neither gives a case ID, so their correspondence to KAZ_S_136 is not established.",
  "category": "benefit created",
  "unexpected": false,
  "purpose": "Satellite-based detection and notification of large methane plumes so that operators and governments mitigate them. This case was that purpose.",
  "system": "UNEP IMEO Methane Alert and Response System (MARS): satellite plume detection and analysis with AI models, notification and satellite confirmation",
  "model_version": null,
  "developer": "UNEP International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO)",
  "deployer": "UNEP International Methane Emissions Observatory (notification); unnamed pipeline operator in Kazakhstan (mitigation)",
  "location": "Kazakhstan, 43.39767°, 52.49505° (no place name in the UNEP document)",
  "domain": "Climate change mitigation / methane emissions monitoring",
  "segment": "Oil and gas transmission; intergovernmental observatory",
  "benefit_type": "Reduced Carbon Emissions",
  "taxonomy_note": null,
  "registry_ids": {},
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "personal",
      "depth": null,
      "reason": "No individual beneficiary is identified. The benefit is an avoided greenhouse-gas release."
    },
    {
      "group": "organizational",
      "depth": 2,
      "reason": "The operator stopped a leak of an estimated 1,200 tonnes of methane by rerouting gas after the notification, a material correction to its operations. The operator is unnamed and the leak was later observed again."
    },
    {
      "group": "societal",
      "depth": 1,
      "reason": "One source among thousands of MARS alerts (the trade press counts over 3,500 alerts and about 43 confirmed cases since 2023). Climate benefit limited by the subsequent emissions observed in May 2026."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "UNEP's case document records detection, notification, the operator's rerouting of gas and satellite confirmation. It names DLR's EnMAP for the plume image. The only description of an AI role is UNEP's general statement that IMEO analyzes satellite data with advanced AI models. The AI contribution to this specific detection is therefore not isolated. The sources are UNEP's own (system operator) plus trade press relaying UNEP. No operator or government statement is among the sources."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "case report",
      "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) case document, Kazakhstan KAZ_S_136 (pipeline), updated 15 Apr 2026. wedocs.unep.org.",
      "title": "MARS case KAZ_S_136, Kazakhstan",
      "url": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download",
      "date": "2026-04-15",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "The operator transferred the gas flow from the affected pipeline to another pipeline, stopping the emissions."
    },
    {
      "kind": "case report",
      "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Same case document, footnote on subsequent emissions.",
      "title": "MARS case KAZ_S_136, Kazakhstan (subsequent emissions footnote)",
      "url": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download",
      "date": "2026-04-15",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "As of 21 May 2026, IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions at this location."
    },
    {
      "kind": "case report",
      "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Same case document, image caption naming the detecting instrument.",
      "title": "MARS case KAZ_S_136, Kazakhstan (detection)",
      "url": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download",
      "date": "2026-04-15",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "The image shows a plume detected by DLR's EnMAP in Kazakhstan on 29 October 2025."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Baker, S. (2026). UN satellite programme curbs more than 40 methane 'super-emitters' since 2023. The Chemical Engineer, 5 May 2026.",
      "title": "UN satellite programme curbs more than 40 methane 'super-emitters' since 2023",
      "url": "https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/un-satellite-programme-curbs-more-than-40-methane-super-emitters-since-2023/",
      "date": "2026-05-05",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "one each in Libya, Iraq and Kazakhstan"
    },
    {
      "kind": "report",
      "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Methane Alert and Response System Snapshot: Top 50 Emitters, Country Responses and Mitigation, September 2026 Update (the snapshot gives no case ID for the Kazakhstan mitigation).",
      "title": "MARS Snapshot, September 2026 Update",
      "url": "https://methanedata.unep.org/downloads/top50_emitters/latest/mars_snapshot_latest.pdf",
      "date": null,
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "A gas pipeline leak resulted in the release of an estimated 365 tonnes of methane over the course of one month."
    },
    {
      "kind": "press release",
      "citation": "UNEP (n.d.). Methane Alert and Response System (MARS). UNEP topics page.",
      "title": "Methane Alert and Response System (MARS)",
      "url": "https://www.unep.org/topics/energy/methane/methane-alert-and-response-system-mars",
      "date": null,
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "Using data from more than 30 satellite instruments, coupled with scientific expertise and advanced AI models, IMEO notifies governments and companies of emissions"
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "Satellite plume detection (EnMAP image of 29 October 2025) analyzed by IMEO",
      "A MARS notification reaching an operator able to reroute gas flow",
      "Follow-up satellite observation to confirm cessation"
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "A country focal point or operator that answers notifications (UNEP's snapshot says most mitigation occurs where focal points direct information)",
      "A source type that can be isolated quickly (pipeline rerouting)",
      "Sustained repair: at this site emissions were observed again by 21 May 2026"
    ],
    "echoes": [
      {
        "date": "2026-05-21",
        "setting": "Same site KAZ_S_136: IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions after the confirmed mitigation",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "did not recur",
        "source": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download"
      },
      {
        "date": "2024-01-01",
        "setting": "Hassi Messaoud, Algeria (DZA_S_012): MARS notification followed by repair of a decades-old source (existing record AIBD-0091)",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "recurred",
        "source": "AIBD-0091"
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-04-01",
        "setting": "Aerial field, Alberta, Canada: ball-valve repair one week after detection, per trade press relaying UNEP's August 2026 snapshot",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "recurred",
        "source": "https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/canada-plugs-major-source-of-methane-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-field-leak/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "paired_incident": null,
  "headline": "UNEP MARS alert stops Kazakhstan leak; emissions seen again",
  "metric": "estimated emissions of 1,200 tonnes",
  "comparator": null,
  "later": null,
  "value": null,
  "developer_country": "France",
  "deployer_country": "France",
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
  "brief": null,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Carbon Emissions under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Environmental Sustainability among the six first used.",
      "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Methane_Emissions_Observatory; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Methane_Emissions_Observatory",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-22",
      "change": "Organization name standardized to UNEP International Methane Emissions Observatory.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    }
  ],
  "confidence": "reported",
  "shade": "medium",
  "claim_status": "Independently reported",
  "claim_basis": "Sources: one independent news report, the makers' case report, the makers' report and the makers' press release. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
  "profile": {
    "case_id": "AIBD-0342",
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        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].measurement_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
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        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].metric": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
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          "kind": "legacy_record",
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            "metric"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "estimated emissions of 1,200 tonnes",
          "editor_note": ""
        }
      },
      "evaluations[].reproduction_materials": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
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        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].setting_sample": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
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        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
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      },
      "external_references[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "follow_up[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
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      },
      "human_oversight": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
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        "state": "value_present",
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          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "id": "AIBD-0342"
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        },
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      },
      "infrastructure_dependencies[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiaries": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiary_count": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
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        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "benefit_type": "Reduced Carbon Emissions"
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        },
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        },
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        "review_state": "not_assessed",
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        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
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        "state": "not_assessed",
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        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
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                "group": "personal",
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              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 2,
                "reason": "The operator stopped a leak of an estimated 1,200 tonnes of methane by rerouting gas after the notification, a material correction to its operations. The operator is unnamed and the leak was later observed again."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "One source among thousands of MARS alerts (the trade press counts over 3,500 alerts and about 43 confirmed cases since 2023). Climate benefit limited by the subsequent emissions observed in May 2026."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
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          "kind": "legacy_record",
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        "review_state": "record_mapped",
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      },
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        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
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        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
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        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
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          }
        },
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        "state": "value_present",
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            "developer_country": "France",
            "deployer_country": "France"
          }
        },
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      },
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          }
        },
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              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Carbon Emissions under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Environmental Sustainability among the six first used.",
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                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Methane_Emissions_Observatory; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Methane_Emissions_Observatory",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-22",
                "change": "Organization name standardized to UNEP International Methane Emissions Observatory.",
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              }
            ]
          }
        },
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          "kind": "legacy_record",
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                "Follow-up satellite observation to confirm cessation"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "A country focal point or operator that answers notifications (UNEP's snapshot says most mitigation occurs where focal points direct information)",
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                "Sustained repair: at this site emissions were observed again by 21 May 2026"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "date": "2026-05-21",
                  "setting": "Same site KAZ_S_136: IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions after the confirmed mitigation",
                  "outcome": "did not recur",
                  "source": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2024-01-01",
                  "setting": "Hassi Messaoud, Algeria (DZA_S_012): MARS notification followed by repair of a decades-old source (existing record AIBD-0091)",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "AIBD-0091"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2026-04-01",
                  "setting": "Aerial field, Alberta, Canada: ball-valve repair one week after detection, per trade press relaying UNEP's August 2026 snapshot",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/canada-plugs-major-source-of-methane-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-field-leak/"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
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                "A MARS notification reaching an operator able to reroute gas flow",
                "Follow-up satellite observation to confirm cessation"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "A country focal point or operator that answers notifications (UNEP's snapshot says most mitigation occurs where focal points direct information)",
                "A source type that can be isolated quickly (pipeline rerouting)",
                "Sustained repair: at this site emissions were observed again by 21 May 2026"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "date": "2026-05-21",
                  "setting": "Same site KAZ_S_136: IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions after the confirmed mitigation",
                  "outcome": "did not recur",
                  "source": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2024-01-01",
                  "setting": "Hassi Messaoud, Algeria (DZA_S_012): MARS notification followed by repair of a decades-old source (existing record AIBD-0091)",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "AIBD-0091"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2026-04-01",
                  "setting": "Aerial field, Alberta, Canada: ball-valve repair one week after detection, per trade press relaying UNEP's August 2026 snapshot",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/canada-plugs-major-source-of-methane-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-field-leak/"
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              ]
            }
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        },
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                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Carbon Emissions under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Environmental Sustainability among the six first used.",
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                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
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                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
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          }
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                "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) case document, Kazakhstan KAZ_S_136 (pipeline), updated 15 Apr 2026. wedocs.unep.org.",
                "title": "MARS case KAZ_S_136, Kazakhstan",
                "url": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download",
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              },
              {
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              },
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                "kind": "case report",
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                "citation": "Baker, S. (2026). UN satellite programme curbs more than 40 methane 'super-emitters' since 2023. The Chemical Engineer, 5 May 2026.",
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                "url": "https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/un-satellite-programme-curbs-more-than-40-methane-super-emitters-since-2023/",
                "date": "2026-05-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "one each in Libya, Iraq and Kazakhstan"
              },
              {
                "kind": "report",
                "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Methane Alert and Response System Snapshot: Top 50 Emitters, Country Responses and Mitigation, September 2026 Update (the snapshot gives no case ID for the Kazakhstan mitigation).",
                "title": "MARS Snapshot, September 2026 Update",
                "url": "https://methanedata.unep.org/downloads/top50_emitters/latest/mars_snapshot_latest.pdf",
                "written_by": "makers",
                "quote": "A gas pipeline leak resulted in the release of an estimated 365 tonnes of methane over the course of one month."
              },
              {
                "kind": "press release",
                "citation": "UNEP (n.d.). Methane Alert and Response System (MARS). UNEP topics page.",
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                "written_by": "makers",
                "quote": "Using data from more than 30 satellite instruments, coupled with scientific expertise and advanced AI models, IMEO notifies governments and companies of emissions"
              }
            ]
          }
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        },
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          "kind": "record_fields",
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              {
                "kind": "case report",
                "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) case document, Kazakhstan KAZ_S_136 (pipeline), updated 15 Apr 2026. wedocs.unep.org.",
                "title": "MARS case KAZ_S_136, Kazakhstan",
                "url": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download",
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              },
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              },
              {
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                "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Same case document, image caption naming the detecting instrument.",
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                "written_by": "makers",
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              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Baker, S. (2026). UN satellite programme curbs more than 40 methane 'super-emitters' since 2023. The Chemical Engineer, 5 May 2026.",
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                "url": "https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/un-satellite-programme-curbs-more-than-40-methane-super-emitters-since-2023/",
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              },
              {
                "kind": "report",
                "citation": "UNEP IMEO (2026). Methane Alert and Response System Snapshot: Top 50 Emitters, Country Responses and Mitigation, September 2026 Update (the snapshot gives no case ID for the Kazakhstan mitigation).",
                "title": "MARS Snapshot, September 2026 Update",
                "url": "https://methanedata.unep.org/downloads/top50_emitters/latest/mars_snapshot_latest.pdf",
                "written_by": "makers",
                "quote": "A gas pipeline leak resulted in the release of an estimated 365 tonnes of methane over the course of one month."
              },
              {
                "kind": "press release",
                "citation": "UNEP (n.d.). Methane Alert and Response System (MARS). UNEP topics page.",
                "title": "Methane Alert and Response System (MARS)",
                "url": "https://www.unep.org/topics/energy/methane/methane-alert-and-response-system-mars",
                "written_by": "makers",
                "quote": "Using data from more than 30 satellite instruments, coupled with scientific expertise and advanced AI models, IMEO notifies governments and companies of emissions"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].upstream_sources": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "strategic_assessments[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "strategic assessments"
      },
      "summary": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "summary": "UNEP IMEO case KAZ_S_136: pipeline leak first detected Sept 2025, operator rerouted gas, mitigation reported 26 Nov 2025, last emissions 12 Mar 2026; subsequent emissions seen as of 21 May 2026.",
            "account": "UNEP's International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) publishes a Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) case document for source KAZ_S_136. It is an oil-and-gas pipeline in Kazakhstan at 43.39767°, 52.49505°. The document gives coordinates only. The document records first detection in September 2025, a plume imaged by DLR's EnMAP on 29 October 2025 and estimated emissions of 1,200 tonnes. The operator transferred the gas flow from the affected pipeline to another pipeline, stopping the emissions. Mitigation was reported on 26 November 2025. Last emissions were detected on 12 March 2026 (document updated 15 April 2026). A footnote states that as of 21 May 2026 IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions at the location and continues to engage stakeholders. UNEP's MARS page states that IMEO uses data from more than 30 satellite instruments coupled with scientific expertise and advanced AI models. It uses them to notify governments and companies. The Chemical Engineer (5 May 2026), relaying UNEP's snapshot, counts one Kazakhstan source among six that stopped emitting in 2026 after MARS alerts. UNEP's September 2026 snapshot reports a confirmed Kazakhstan gas-pipeline mitigation of an estimated 365 tonnes over one month. Neither gives a case ID, so their correspondence to KAZ_S_136 is not established."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "summary",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].autonomy_permissions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].component_role": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].deployment_configuration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].inputs_outputs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_name": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].product_name": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "system": "UNEP IMEO Methane Alert and Response System (MARS): satellite plume detection and analysis with AI models, notification and satellite confirmation"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "system"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].provider": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "structured",
          "data": {
            "application_developer": "UNEP International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO)"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "developer"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "title": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "title": "UNEP MARS notification leads an operator to stop a 1,200-tonne methane pipeline leak in Kazakhstan (KAZ_S_136); IMEO observed emissions at the site again by May 2026",
            "headline": "UNEP MARS alert stops Kazakhstan leak; emissions seen again"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "title",
            "headline"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "version": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "a32e17efc837fdd8167a283df56b125c7814e01b21df66f2b2a10f3d8cba07fc"
          ],
          "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "workflow": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "UNEP's International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) publishes a Methane Alert and Response System (MARS) case document for source KAZ_S_136. It is an oil-and-gas pipeline in Kazakhstan at 43.39767°, 52.49505°. The document gives coordinates only. The document records first detection in September 2025, a plume imaged by DLR's EnMAP on 29 October 2025 and estimated emissions of 1,200 tonnes. The operator transferred the gas flow from the affected pipeline to another pipeline, stopping the emissions. Mitigation was reported on 26 November 2025. Last emissions were detected on 12 March 2026 (document updated 15 April 2026). A footnote states that as of 21 May 2026 IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions at the location and continues to engage stakeholders. UNEP's MARS page states that IMEO uses data from more than 30 satellite instruments coupled with scientific expertise and advanced AI models. It uses them to notify governments and companies. The Chemical Engineer (5 May 2026), relaying UNEP's snapshot, counts one Kazakhstan source among six that stopped emitting in 2026 after MARS alerts. UNEP's September 2026 snapshot reports a confirmed Kazakhstan gas-pipeline mitigation of an estimated 365 tonnes over one month. Neither gives a case ID, so their correspondence to KAZ_S_136 is not established.",
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "Satellite plume detection (EnMAP image of 29 October 2025) analyzed by IMEO",
                "A MARS notification reaching an operator able to reroute gas flow",
                "Follow-up satellite observation to confirm cessation"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "A country focal point or operator that answers notifications (UNEP's snapshot says most mitigation occurs where focal points direct information)",
                "A source type that can be isolated quickly (pipeline rerouting)",
                "Sustained repair: at this site emissions were observed again by 21 May 2026"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "date": "2026-05-21",
                  "setting": "Same site KAZ_S_136: IMEO observed subsequent methane emissions after the confirmed mitigation",
                  "outcome": "did not recur",
                  "source": "https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstreams/558dda69-c8e5-42c2-b10a-7b9c3dcc3e79/download"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2024-01-01",
                  "setting": "Hassi Messaoud, Algeria (DZA_S_012): MARS notification followed by repair of a decades-old source (existing record AIBD-0091)",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "AIBD-0091"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2026-04-01",
                  "setting": "Aerial field, Alberta, Canada: ball-valve repair one week after detection, per trade press relaying UNEP's August 2026 snapshot",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/canada-plugs-major-source-of-methane-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-field-leak/"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      }
    },
    "summary": {
      "total": 91,
      "addressed": 91,
      "known": 28,
      "reviewed": 0,
      "record_mapped": 28,
      "not_assessed": 63,
      "complete": false,
      "by_state": {
        "value_present": 28,
        "not_reported": 0,
        "unresolved": 0,
        "not_assessed": 63,
        "not_applicable": 0,
        "withheld": 0,
        "source_unavailable": 0
      }
    }
  }
}