{
  "id": "AIBD-0240",
  "title": "Anthropic's threat monitoring flags a Bonita Springs woman's messages about shooting up the Lee County Sheriff's Office; human reviewers tip police, who detain her without incident and find no gun",
  "summary": "Anthropic safeguards flagged a threat to shoot up a Florida sheriff's office; reviewers tipped police, who arrested the user; no gun found.",
  "date_observed": "2026-09-29",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "A user of Anthropic's AI chat service wrote at about 05:10 on 26 September 2026. She said she was going to “shoot up” the Lee County Sheriff's Office in Florida. At 01:07 on 27 September she wrote that she had got a new gun. Anthropic's safety monitoring flagged the messages, and because of their severity a human review team reported them to law enforcement. The sheriff's office logged the tip on 29 September and identified the user as Carli Michelle Heller, 30, of Bonita Springs. Deputies detained her at home without incident at 00:51 on 30 September. A detective charged her under Florida Statute 836.10, written threats of violence. No weapon was seized, and she described the AI as a personal diary.",
  "category": "protective response",
  "unexpected": false,
  "purpose": "Anthropic's consumer terms (effective 8 October 2025) reserve the right “at our sole discretion” to report Inputs to law enforcement. Its privacy policy (effective 10 September 2026) allows disclosure the company believes “reasonably necessary” to “prevent serious harm to any person or to property”. The arrest report says the platform's safety measures are “designed to monitor for key phrases and potentially threatening content”. Flagging a stated shooting threat, reviewing it by hand and referring it to police was that purpose. Of an August 2026 referral Anthropic said “This is our safeguards process working as intended”.",
  "system": "Anthropic Claude consumer-chat safety monitoring: automated flagging of threatening content, escalation to a human review team, referral to law enforcement",
  "model_version": null,
  "developer": "Anthropic",
  "deployer": "Anthropic",
  "location": "Bonita Springs, United States",
  "domain": "Online safety and threat referral to law enforcement",
  "segment": "Media, social platforms, and marketing",
  "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence",
  "taxonomy_note": null,
  "registry_ids": {
    "oecd_aim": "2026-10-04-dced"
  },
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "organizational",
      "depth": 1,
      "reason": "The Lee County Sheriff's Office, the threatened party, received a tip quoting a stated plan to shoot up its building and a claimed new gun. It identified the user and resolved the matter at her home within about three days without incident. No weapon was seized, so no averted attack is shown."
    },
    {
      "group": "societal",
      "depth": 1,
      "reason": "A written threat of a mass shooting at a public building was examined within days rather than left unread. It was at least the third Anthropic referral to police since August 2026. The benefit is bounded by the absence of a weapon, the user's diary account, and expert doubt that the words were a true threat."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "The arrest report says the platform “utilizes safety and security measures designed to monitor for key phrases and potentially threatening content”. It says the messages were “escalated to a human review team”. An automated layer therefore surfaced the two messages, and people judged their severity and made the referral. The sources do not say whether the flag came from a classifier or a keyword rule. Straight Arrow News, citing court records, says the review team escalated to the FBI, which notified the sheriff's office. Identifying the user, the home visit, the Miranda interview and the charging decision were the work of Lee County deputies and Intelligence Detective Thomas Alejo. The arrest report calls the platform “Anthropic Artificial Intelligence”. Press reports name Claude, and court records note the user told the detective she used Perplexity."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "court document",
      "citation": "Lee County Sheriff's Office, Alejo, T. S. (2026). Arrest / Notice to Appear and Probable Cause Statement, agency report 26-530248, clerk case 26CF017549, Heller, Carli Michelle. Redacted copy hosted by the Daily Caller.",
      "title": "Arrest report and probable cause statement, LCSO report 26-530248 (Heller, Carli Michelle)",
      "url": "https://cdn01.dailycaller.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/26-530248_Heller__Carli_Redacted.pdf",
      "date": "2026-09-30",
      "written_by": "beneficiary",
      "quote": "Due to the severity of the aforementioned statements, the information was escalated to a human review team, which subsequently reported the statements to law enforcement."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "WINK News, Alvarado, D. (2026). Woman arrested after AI threat against Lee County Sheriff's Office: Investigators. WINK News.",
      "title": "Woman arrested after AI threat against Lee County Sheriff's Office: Investigators",
      "url": "https://www.winknews.com/news/woman-arrested-after-ai-threat-against-lee-county-sheriffs-office-investigators/article_3d4c5915-7015-43c0-b86a-d7fa5eadf958.html",
      "date": "2026-09-30",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "Deputies identified Heller and went to her Bonita Springs home and she was detained without incident before an LCSO intelligence detective took over the investigation."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "The Daily Caller, Kresak, D. (2026). Florida Woman Nabbed After Chatbot Maker Flags Alleged Threat to 'Shoot Up' Sheriff's Office. The Daily Caller.",
      "title": "Florida Woman Nabbed After Chatbot Maker Flags Alleged Threat to 'Shoot Up' Sheriff's Office",
      "url": "https://dailycaller.com/2026/10/05/chatbot-maker-tips-off-cops-florida-woman-allegedly-threatens-sheriffs-office/",
      "date": "2026-10-05",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "When someone uses AI to make or facilitate a threat, we have to take that threat seriously."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Straight Arrow News, Pavlou, D. (2026). A chatbot message led to a felony charge. Experts say it may not hold up. Straight Arrow News.",
      "title": "A chatbot message led to a felony charge. Experts say it may not hold up",
      "url": "https://san.com/cc/a-chatbot-message-led-to-a-felony-charge-experts-say-it-may-not-hold-up/",
      "date": "2026-10-08",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "She denied owning any firearms, and the arrest form indicates authorities didn’t seize a weapon."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Tom's Hardware, Downing, S. (2026). Anthropic reports Florida woman’s Claude ‘diary’ threat to shoot up sheriff’s office, felony charge follows — it’s at least the third such conversation to reach police since August. Tom's Hardware.",
      "title": "Anthropic reports Florida woman’s Claude ‘diary’ threat to shoot up sheriff’s office, felony charge follows — it’s at least the third such conversation to reach police since August",
      "url": "https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/anthropic-reports-florida-womans-claude-diary-threat-to-shoot-up-sheriffs-office-felony-charge-follows-its-at-least-the-third-such-conversation-to-reach-police-since-august",
      "date": "2026-10-05",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "court records listing the Sept. 30 felony charge under Florida Statute 836.10: written or electronic threat of a mass shooting or act of terrorism"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "citation": "Volokh, E. (2026). Can a Chatbot Prompt Be a Punishable Threat? Reason, The Volokh Conspiracy.",
      "title": "Can a Chatbot Prompt Be a Punishable Threat?",
      "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/10/08/can-a-chatbot-prompt-be-a-punishable-threat/",
      "date": "2026-10-08",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "Simply typing a prompt into a chatbot, expecting it to be viewed only by the software, wouldn't qualify."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "The San Francisco Standard, Jones, R. (2026). Anthropic called SFPD over threat against CEO. Claude user says it was a misunderstanding. The San Francisco Standard.",
      "title": "Anthropic called SFPD over threat against CEO. Claude user says it was a misunderstanding",
      "url": "https://sfstandard.com/2026/09/04/anthropic-threat-claude-sfpd/",
      "date": "2026-09-04",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "We banned this account, consistent with our standard practice, and referred the case to law enforcement. This is our safeguards process working as intended."
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "citation": "Anthropic (2026). Privacy Policy, effective 10 September 2026. Anthropic.",
      "title": "Privacy Policy",
      "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/legal/privacy",
      "date": "2026-09-10",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "(ii) prevent serious harm to any person or to property; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud or other illegal activity"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "citation": "Anthropic (2025). Consumer Terms of Service, effective 8 October 2025. Anthropic.",
      "title": "Consumer Terms of Service",
      "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/legal/consumer-terms",
      "date": "2025-10-08",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to report information from or about you, including but not limited to Inputs, Outputs, or Actions to law enforcement."
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "A vendor practice of screening consumer chats for threatening content and escalating severe cases to a human review team. That team can refer them to law enforcement, which Anthropic's consumer terms and privacy policy permit",
      "A tip carrying enough account information for the sheriff's office to identify a named resident within days",
      "A local agency that treated a stated threat against its own building as credible enough to send deputies the same night"
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "The referral must identify a real person and a real risk. The Lee County Sheriff's Office told reporters it does not count tips from Anthropic. No public figures exist on how often such referrals are made or prove unfounded",
      "The disclosure must stay within the emergency exception of the Stored Communications Act. An EFF attorney told Straight Arrow News “there is always the risk of over-reporting”, and the Monitor logs reputational and psychological harm to the user",
      "The response must remain proportionate. Here no weapon was found, and the user described a personal diary. Whether a chatbot prompt is a punishable threat under Florida Statute 836.10 is contested by the defense and by Eugene Volokh",
      "The attribution to Claude rests on press reports and the arrest report's phrase “Anthropic Artificial Intelligence”. Court records also note the user told the detective she used Perplexity, and her attorney declined to say which"
    ],
    "echoes": []
  },
  "paired_incident": null,
  "headline": "Anthropic flag on a shooting threat leads to a Florida arrest",
  "metric": null,
  "comparator": null,
  "later": {
    "status": "litigated",
    "date": "2026-10-08",
    "note": "Heller pleaded not guilty and her arraignment was set for 2 November 2026 while prosecutors had not yet filed a formal charge; the arrest form sets a $10,000 bond and a 20 October 2026 appearance date, and First Amendment scholar Eugene Volokh doubts the charge will hold.",
    "quote": "Heller's arraignment is scheduled for Nov. 2",
    "url": "https://san.com/cc/a-chatbot-message-led-to-a-felony-charge-experts-say-it-may-not-hold-up/"
  },
  "value": null,
  "developer_country": "United States",
  "deployer_country": "United States",
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
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    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-10-04-dced",
      "editor": "AIBD"
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    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Added what happened since from the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://san.com/cc/a-chatbot-message-led-to-a-felony-charge-experts-say-it-may-not-hold-up/",
      "editor": "AIBD"
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      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Violence under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Organizational Efficiency among the six first used.",
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      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
      "source": null,
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      "date": "2026-10-25",
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      "source": "https://cdn01.dailycaller.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/26-530248_Heller__Carli_Redacted.pdf",
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  "confidence": "reported",
  "shade": "medium",
  "claim_status": "Independently reported",
  "claim_basis": "Sources: five independent news reports, one other independent source, two other sources from the makers and the beneficiary's court document. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
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      "decisions[].success_criterion": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "deployment_stage": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].amount": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].costs[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].counterfactual": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].currency_price_basis": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].gross_net": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].measure_type": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].period_unit": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].realization": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].recipient_payer": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].return_payback": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].valuation_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "evaluations[].ai_uplift": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].comparator": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].design": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].effect": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].exposure": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].measurement_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].metric": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].reproduction_materials": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].setting_sample": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "No public figures establish how often Anthropic’s referrals are substantiated. The arrest report names Anthropic but does not identify the detection method. Coverage names Claude, while court records also report that the user mentioned Perplexity. No weapon or averted attack is established."
        }
      },
      "external_references[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "registry_ids": {
              "oecd_aim": "2026-10-04-dced"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "registry_ids"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "follow_up[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "later": {
              "status": "litigated",
              "date": "2026-10-08",
              "note": "Heller pleaded not guilty and her arraignment was set for 2 November 2026 while prosecutors had not yet filed a formal charge; the arrest form sets a $10,000 bond and a 20 October 2026 appearance date, and First Amendment scholar Eugene Volokh doubts the charge will hold.",
              "quote": "Heller's arraignment is scheduled for Nov. 2",
              "url": "https://san.com/cc/a-chatbot-message-led-to-a-felony-charge-experts-say-it-may-not-hold-up/"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "later"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "human_oversight": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "Reviewers assessed the messages before making the referral. Deputies identified and interviewed the user and made the charging decision."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "id": "AIBD-0240"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "id"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "infrastructure_dependencies[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiaries": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "The Lee County Sheriff’s Office was the threatened institution and recipient of the tip. A wider safety benefit is unproved."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Moved the specific information already present in the entry into its applicable question. No new source review is implied.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "The Lee County Sheriff’s Office was the threatened institution and recipient of the tip. A wider safety benefit is unproved."
        }
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiary_count": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].benefit_type": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].claim": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "A user of Anthropic's AI chat service wrote at about 05:10 on 26 September 2026. She said she was going to “shoot up” the Lee County Sheriff's Office in Florida. At 01:07 on 27 September she wrote that she had got a new gun. Anthropic's safety monitoring flagged the messages, and because of their severity a human review team reported them to law enforcement. The sheriff's office logged the tip on 29 September and identified the user as Carli Michelle Heller, 30, of Bonita Springs. Deputies detained her at home without incident at 00:51 on 30 September. A detective charged her under Florida Statute 836.10, written threats of violence. No weapon was seized, and she described the AI as a personal diary.",
            "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Anthropic’s reviewers reported threatening messages to police, who identified and detained the user without incident. No weapon was found."
        }
      },
      "outcomes[].distribution": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].duration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "The Lee County Sheriff's Office, the threatened party, received a tip quoting a stated plan to shoot up its building and a claimed new gun. It identified the user and resolved the matter at her home within about three days without incident. No weapon was seized, so no averted attack is shown."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "A written threat of a mass shooting at a public building was examined within days rather than left unread. It was at least the third Anthropic referral to police since August 2026. The benefit is bounded by the absence of a weapon, the user's diary account, and expert doubt that the words were a true threat."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].status": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].tradeoffs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].unexpected": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "unexpected": false,
            "purpose": "Anthropic's consumer terms (effective 8 October 2025) reserve the right “at our sole discretion” to report Inputs to law enforcement. Its privacy policy (effective 10 September 2026) allows disclosure the company believes “reasonably necessary” to “prevent serious harm to any person or to property”. The arrest report says the platform's safety measures are “designed to monitor for key phrases and potentially threatening content”. Flagging a stated shooting threat, reviewing it by hand and referring it to police was that purpose. Of an August 2026 referral Anthropic said “This is our safeguards process working as intended”."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "unexpected",
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "places[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "location": "Bonita Springs, United States",
            "developer_country": "United States",
            "deployer_country": "United States"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "location",
            "developer_country",
            "deployer_country"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "purpose": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "purpose": "Anthropic's consumer terms (effective 8 October 2025) reserve the right “at our sole discretion” to report Inputs to law enforcement. Its privacy policy (effective 10 September 2026) allows disclosure the company believes “reasonably necessary” to “prevent serious harm to any person or to property”. The arrest report says the platform's safety measures are “designed to monitor for key phrases and potentially threatening content”. Flagging a stated shooting threat, reviewing it by hand and referring it to police was that purpose. Of an August 2026 referral Anthropic said “This is our safeguards process working as intended”."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "record_dates": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "date_observed": "2026-09-29",
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-10-04-dced",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what happened since from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://san.com/cc/a-chatbot-message-led-to-a-felony-charge-experts-say-it-may-not-hold-up/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Violence under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Organizational Efficiency among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Reviewed the specified original sources; corrected their authorship, document types, and support for the reported benefit.",
                "source": "https://cdn01.dailycaller.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/26-530248_Heller__Carli_Redacted.pdf",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "date_observed",
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.attempts[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.conditions": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A vendor practice of screening consumer chats for threatening content and escalating severe cases to a human review team. That team can refer them to law enforcement, which Anthropic's consumer terms and privacy policy permit",
                "A tip carrying enough account information for the sheriff's office to identify a named resident within days",
                "A local agency that treated a stated threat against its own building as credible enough to send deputies the same night"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The referral must identify a real person and a real risk. The Lee County Sheriff's Office told reporters it does not count tips from Anthropic. No public figures exist on how often such referrals are made or prove unfounded",
                "The disclosure must stay within the emergency exception of the Stored Communications Act. An EFF attorney told Straight Arrow News “there is always the risk of over-reporting”, and the Monitor logs reputational and psychological harm to the user",
                "The response must remain proportionate. Here no weapon was found, and the user described a personal diary. Whether a chatbot prompt is a punishable threat under Florida Statute 836.10 is contested by the defense and by Eugene Volokh",
                "The attribution to Claude rests on press reports and the arrest report's phrase “Anthropic Artificial Intelligence”. Court records also note the user told the detective she used Perplexity, and her attorney declined to say which"
              ],
              "echoes": []
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Reviewers need enough information to identify the person and assess a credible risk. Disclosure and police action need a lawful basis and a proportionate response."
        }
      },
      "revision_history[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-10-04-dced",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what happened since from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://san.com/cc/a-chatbot-message-led-to-a-felony-charge-experts-say-it-may-not-hold-up/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Violence under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Organizational Efficiency among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Reviewed the specified original sources; corrected their authorship, document types, and support for the reported benefit.",
                "source": "https://cdn01.dailycaller.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/26-530248_Heller__Carli_Redacted.pdf",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sector": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "domain": "Online safety and threat referral to law enforcement",
            "segment": "Media, social platforms, and marketing"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "domain",
            "segment"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].access_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].citation_locator": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "court document",
                "citation": "Lee County Sheriff's Office, Alejo, T. S. (2026). Arrest / Notice to Appear and Probable Cause Statement, agency report 26-530248, clerk case 26CF017549, Heller, Carli Michelle. Redacted copy hosted by the Daily Caller.",
                "title": "Arrest report and probable cause statement, LCSO report 26-530248 (Heller, Carli Michelle)",
                "url": "https://cdn01.dailycaller.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/26-530248_Heller__Carli_Redacted.pdf",
                "date": "2026-09-30",
                "written_by": "beneficiary",
                "quote": "Due to the severity of the aforementioned statements, the information was escalated to a human review team, which subsequently reported the statements to law enforcement."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "WINK News, Alvarado, D. (2026). Woman arrested after AI threat against Lee County Sheriff's Office: Investigators. WINK News.",
                "title": "Woman arrested after AI threat against Lee County Sheriff's Office: Investigators",
                "url": "https://www.winknews.com/news/woman-arrested-after-ai-threat-against-lee-county-sheriffs-office-investigators/article_3d4c5915-7015-43c0-b86a-d7fa5eadf958.html",
                "date": "2026-09-30",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Deputies identified Heller and went to her Bonita Springs home and she was detained without incident before an LCSO intelligence detective took over the investigation."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "The Daily Caller, Kresak, D. (2026). Florida Woman Nabbed After Chatbot Maker Flags Alleged Threat to 'Shoot Up' Sheriff's Office. The Daily Caller.",
                "title": "Florida Woman Nabbed After Chatbot Maker Flags Alleged Threat to 'Shoot Up' Sheriff's Office",
                "url": "https://dailycaller.com/2026/10/05/chatbot-maker-tips-off-cops-florida-woman-allegedly-threatens-sheriffs-office/",
                "date": "2026-10-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "When someone uses AI to make or facilitate a threat, we have to take that threat seriously."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Straight Arrow News, Pavlou, D. (2026). A chatbot message led to a felony charge. Experts say it may not hold up. Straight Arrow News.",
                "title": "A chatbot message led to a felony charge. Experts say it may not hold up",
                "url": "https://san.com/cc/a-chatbot-message-led-to-a-felony-charge-experts-say-it-may-not-hold-up/",
                "date": "2026-10-08",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "She denied owning any firearms, and the arrest form indicates authorities didn’t seize a weapon."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Tom's Hardware, Downing, S. (2026). Anthropic reports Florida woman’s Claude ‘diary’ threat to shoot up sheriff’s office, felony charge follows — it’s at least the third such conversation to reach police since August. Tom's Hardware.",
                "title": "Anthropic reports Florida woman’s Claude ‘diary’ threat to shoot up sheriff’s office, felony charge follows — it’s at least the third such conversation to reach police since August",
                "url": "https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/anthropic-reports-florida-womans-claude-diary-threat-to-shoot-up-sheriffs-office-felony-charge-follows-its-at-least-the-third-such-conversation-to-reach-police-since-august",
                "date": "2026-10-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "court records listing the Sept. 30 felony charge under Florida Statute 836.10: written or electronic threat of a mass shooting or act of terrorism"
              },
              {
                "kind": "other",
                "citation": "Volokh, E. (2026). Can a Chatbot Prompt Be a Punishable Threat? Reason, The Volokh Conspiracy.",
                "title": "Can a Chatbot Prompt Be a Punishable Threat?",
                "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/10/08/can-a-chatbot-prompt-be-a-punishable-threat/",
                "date": "2026-10-08",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Simply typing a prompt into a chatbot, expecting it to be viewed only by the software, wouldn't qualify."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "The San Francisco Standard, Jones, R. (2026). Anthropic called SFPD over threat against CEO. Claude user says it was a misunderstanding. The San Francisco Standard.",
                "title": "Anthropic called SFPD over threat against CEO. Claude user says it was a misunderstanding",
                "url": "https://sfstandard.com/2026/09/04/anthropic-threat-claude-sfpd/",
                "date": "2026-09-04",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "We banned this account, consistent with our standard practice, and referred the case to law enforcement. This is our safeguards process working as intended."
              },
              {
                "kind": "other",
                "citation": "Anthropic (2026). Privacy Policy, effective 10 September 2026. Anthropic.",
                "title": "Privacy Policy",
                "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/legal/privacy",
                "date": "2026-09-10",
                "written_by": "makers",
                "quote": "(ii) prevent serious harm to any person or to property; (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud or other illegal activity"
              },
              {
                "kind": "other",
                "citation": "Anthropic (2025). Consumer Terms of Service, effective 8 October 2025. Anthropic.",
                "title": "Consumer Terms of Service",
                "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/legal/consumer-terms",
                "date": "2025-10-08",
                "written_by": "makers",
                "quote": "We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to report information from or about you, including but not limited to Inputs, Outputs, or Actions to law enforcement."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "AIBD-0240-source-0001",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0002",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0003",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0004",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0005",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0006",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0007",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0008",
            "AIBD-0240-source-0009"
          ],
          "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "sources[].language": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "A sheriff’s detective wrote the arrest statement. It documents the referral and police response. It does not establish that an attack was averted, and no weapon was seized."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "source_review",
          "basis": "The identified originals and their locators are listed in the source assessment.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": [
            "AIBD-0240-source-0001"
          ],
          "reviewed_on": "2026-10-25"
        },
        "review_state": "reviewed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "A sheriff’s detective wrote the arrest statement. It documents the referral and police response. It does not establish that an attack was averted, and no weapon was seized."
        }
      },
      "sources[].upstream_sources": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "structured",
          "data": {
            "reviewed_on": "2026-10-25",
            "lead_source_ref": "AIBD-0240-source-0001",
            "retained_source_order": [
              "AIBD-0240-source-0001",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0002",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0003",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0004",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0005",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0006",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0007",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0008",
              "AIBD-0240-source-0009"
            ],
            "origins": [
              {
                "url": "https://cdn01.dailycaller.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/26-530248_Heller__Carli_Redacted.pdf",
                "locator": "Arrest/probable-cause form, pp. 1–2; author signature, referral narrative, and weapons-seized field.",
                "contribution": "Firsthand account of the tip, review, detention, and absence of a seized weapon.",
                "relationship": "The claimed beneficiary’s police statement filed with the clerk, not a judicial determination.",
                "source_refs": [
                  "AIBD-0240-source-0001"
                ]
              }
            ],
            "excluded_or_consolidated_sources": [],
            "review_scope": "Whether the specified sources establish the reported benefit, their document types, and their authorship relationships. Other fields and sources were not comprehensively reassessed."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "source_review",
          "basis": "A limited source-role review; each inspected source and its contribution is identified.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": [
            "AIBD-0240-source-0001"
          ],
          "reviewed_on": "2026-10-25"
        },
        "review_state": "reviewed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "A sheriff’s detective wrote the arrest statement. It documents the referral and police response. It does not establish that an attack was averted, and no weapon was seized."
        }
      },
      "strategic_assessments[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "strategic assessments"
      },
      "summary": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "summary": "Anthropic safeguards flagged a threat to shoot up a Florida sheriff's office; reviewers tipped police, who arrested the user; no gun found.",
            "account": "A user of Anthropic's AI chat service wrote at about 05:10 on 26 September 2026. She said she was going to “shoot up” the Lee County Sheriff's Office in Florida. At 01:07 on 27 September she wrote that she had got a new gun. Anthropic's safety monitoring flagged the messages, and because of their severity a human review team reported them to law enforcement. The sheriff's office logged the tip on 29 September and identified the user as Carli Michelle Heller, 30, of Bonita Springs. Deputies detained her at home without incident at 00:51 on 30 September. A detective charged her under Florida Statute 836.10, written threats of violence. No weapon was seized, and she described the AI as a personal diary."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "summary",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].autonomy_permissions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].component_role": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].deployment_configuration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].inputs_outputs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_name": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].product_name": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "system": "Anthropic Claude consumer-chat safety monitoring: automated flagging of threatening content, escalation to a human review team, referral to law enforcement"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "system"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].provider": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "structured",
          "data": {
            "application_developer": "Anthropic"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "developer"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "title": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "title": "Anthropic's threat monitoring flags a Bonita Springs woman's messages about shooting up the Lee County Sheriff's Office; human reviewers tip police, who detain her without incident and find no gun",
            "headline": "Anthropic flag on a shooting threat leads to a Florida arrest"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "title",
            "headline"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "version": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "c87231c7cd74f35a314296f55b276a55c0341260a19641f61d8c311faf2b20c2"
          ],
          "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "workflow": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "A user of Anthropic's AI chat service wrote at about 05:10 on 26 September 2026. She said she was going to “shoot up” the Lee County Sheriff's Office in Florida. At 01:07 on 27 September she wrote that she had got a new gun. Anthropic's safety monitoring flagged the messages, and because of their severity a human review team reported them to law enforcement. The sheriff's office logged the tip on 29 September and identified the user as Carli Michelle Heller, 30, of Bonita Springs. Deputies detained her at home without incident at 00:51 on 30 September. A detective charged her under Florida Statute 836.10, written threats of violence. No weapon was seized, and she described the AI as a personal diary.",
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A vendor practice of screening consumer chats for threatening content and escalating severe cases to a human review team. That team can refer them to law enforcement, which Anthropic's consumer terms and privacy policy permit",
                "A tip carrying enough account information for the sheriff's office to identify a named resident within days",
                "A local agency that treated a stated threat against its own building as credible enough to send deputies the same night"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The referral must identify a real person and a real risk. The Lee County Sheriff's Office told reporters it does not count tips from Anthropic. No public figures exist on how often such referrals are made or prove unfounded",
                "The disclosure must stay within the emergency exception of the Stored Communications Act. An EFF attorney told Straight Arrow News “there is always the risk of over-reporting”, and the Monitor logs reputational and psychological harm to the user",
                "The response must remain proportionate. Here no weapon was found, and the user described a personal diary. Whether a chatbot prompt is a punishable threat under Florida Statute 836.10 is contested by the defense and by Eugene Volokh",
                "The attribution to Claude rests on press reports and the arrest report's phrase “Anthropic Artificial Intelligence”. Court records also note the user told the detective she used Perplexity, and her attorney declined to say which"
              ],
              "echoes": []
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      }
    },
    "summary": {
      "total": 91,
      "addressed": 91,
      "known": 32,
      "reviewed": 2,
      "record_mapped": 30,
      "not_assessed": 59,
      "complete": false,
      "by_state": {
        "value_present": 32,
        "not_reported": 0,
        "unresolved": 0,
        "not_assessed": 59,
        "not_applicable": 0,
        "withheld": 0,
        "source_unavailable": 0
      }
    }
  }
}