{ "id": "AIBD-0232", "title": "Cheshire Police facial recognition matches CCTV to Keenan Hughes; county lines dealers jailed for over five years", "summary": "Cheshire Constabulary's facial recognition matched CCTV of an unknown Northwich dealer to Keenan Hughes; he and Vincent Potter were stopped on 17 May 2024 with crack cocaine and jailed on 1 July 2024.", "date_observed": "2024-05-17", "date_basis": "unassessed", "date_precision": "unassessed", "benefit_status": null, "source_collection": null, "source_entry": null, "account": "Cheshire Constabulary's release states that in April 2024 officers in Northwich learned of a phone number used by the “Kyle” county lines gang. They recovered closed-circuit television (CCTV) of an unknown man suspected of using it. The force facial recognition system matched the image to Keenan Hughes of Connah's Quay. On Friday 17 May officers on patrol spotted Hughes on Winnington Street with Vincent Potter. A search found 99 wraps of crack cocaine worth about £990 and a hunting-style knife on Hughes. Potter had two phones, a lock knife and £960. Both pleaded guilty, and on 1 July 2024 Chester Crown Court jailed Hughes (18) for 28 months and Potter (19) for 34 months. PC Dean Butterworth said Hughes was not known locally and the technology quickly identified him as a suspect. The OECD AI Incidents Monitor records the case, listing a harm type of human or fundamental rights.", "category": "benefit created", "unexpected": false, "purpose": "Identify unknown suspects by comparing CCTV images against police custody image databases.", "system": "Cheshire Constabulary facial recognition system (retrospective)", "model_version": null, "developer": "Not named in the sources", "deployer": "Cheshire Constabulary, Northwich Proactive Policing Unit", "location": "Northwich, United Kingdom", "domain": "Policing / drug supply", "segment": "Government", "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence", "taxonomy_note": null, "registry_ids": {}, "ratings": [ { "group": "societal", "depth": 2, "reason": "Two county lines dealers convicted and 99 wraps of crack cocaine and two knives taken off the street, per the force and the court outcome." } ], "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "The retrospective face match supplied the suspect's identity from CCTV. The arrest arose from a later patrol sighting, and the conviction rested on seized drugs and phone messages. Sources are the deploying force's release and a local newspaper quoting the named officer. The vendor, match score and any false-match safeguards are not stated." }, "evidence": [ { "kind": "press release", "citation": "Cheshire Constabulary, news release, 2 Jul 2024", "title": "Facial recognition technology helps to identify Northwich drug dealers", "url": "https://www.cheshire.police.uk/news/cheshire/news/articles/2024/6/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-northwich-drug-dealers/", "date": "2024-07-02", "written_by": "deployer", "quote": "The image was submitted to the force facial recognition system and came through as a match to a man called Keenan Hughes from Connah’s Quay." }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "Rob Goulding, The Leader (Leader Live), 2 Jul 2024", "title": "County Lines drug dealers operating in Northwich jailed", "url": "https://www.leaderlive.co.uk/news/24424400.county-lines-drug-dealers-operating-northwich-jailed/", "date": "2024-07-02", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "Hughes was not known in the Northwich area, but thanks to the CCTV footage and facial recognition technology, we were quickly able to identify him as a suspect." }, { "kind": "registry label", "citation": "OECD AI Incidents Monitor, incident 2024-07-02-ee42", "title": "Police use facial recognition AI to catch county lines drug dealers", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2024-07-02-ee42", "date": "2024-07-02", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "Its use directly led to the arrest and conviction of individuals involved in drug dealing, which is a harm to communities." }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "Deeside.com (2 Jul 2024). Facial recognition technology helps to identify Deeside drug dealer (reproduces Cheshire Constabulary's release and PC Dean Butterworth's quotes).", "title": "Facial recognition technology helps to identify Deeside drug dealer", "url": "https://www.deeside.com/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-deeside-drug-dealer", "date": "2024-07-02", "written_by": "independent", "quote": null } ], "replication": { "produced_by": [ "A usable CCTV still of an unknown suspect", "A custody-image database containing the suspect", "Officers able to corroborate the match through patrol and search" ], "must_hold": [ "The suspect must have a prior custody image", "Lawful retrospective use of facial recognition", "Corroborating evidence beyond the match" ], "echoes": [] }, "paired_incident": null, "headline": "Cheshire facial recognition match jails county lines dealers", "metric": "jailed Hughes (18) for 28 months and Potter (19) for 34 months", "comparator": { "against": "conventional identification of a suspect who was not known locally", "before": "Hughes was not known in the Northwich area", "after": "we were quickly able to identify him as a suspect", "basis": "assumed", "quote": "Hughes was not known in the Northwich area, but thanks to the CCTV footage and facial recognition technology, we were quickly able to identify him as a suspect.", "url": "https://www.deeside.com/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-deeside-drug-dealer" }, "later": { "status": "litigated", "date": "2024-07-01", "note": "Both men were sentenced at Chester Crown Court on 1 July 2024, Hughes to 28 months and Potter to 34 months.", "quote": "Keenan Hughes, 18, of Connah's Quay, and Vincent Potter, 19, of no fixed abode, appeared at Chester Crown Court on Monday, 1 July, where they were sentenced to over five years in prison.", "url": "https://www.deeside.com/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-deeside-drug-dealer" }, "value": { "amount": "£990", "what": "crack cocaine seized from Hughes (99 wraps, approximate street value)", "who": "Cheshire Constabulary's Northwich Proactive Policing Team (seized from Keenan Hughes)", "estimate": false, "quote": "99 individual wraps of crack cocaine, worth approximately £990", "url": "https://www.deeside.com/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-deeside-drug-dealer" }, "developer_country": null, "deployer_country": "United Kingdom", "unrated_because": null, "brief_notes": null, "brief": null, "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since, the value as stated from the cited sources.", "source": "https://www.deeside.com/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-deeside-drug-dealer; https://www.deeside.com/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-deeside-drug-dealer; https://www.deeside.com/facial-recognition-technology-helps-to-identify-deeside-drug-dealer", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Violence under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.", "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_Constabulary", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: account, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" } ], "confidence": "reported", "shade": "medium", "claim_status": "Independently reported", "claim_basis": "Sources: two independent news reports, a registry entry and the deployer's press release. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.", "profile": { "case_id": "AIBD-0232", "catalog_version": "1.0.0", "source_fingerprint": "0f073ec2418ca5c35fafb7ebb5811c382fb528a6b1785b9b795554ab9d1c0f50", "collection_refs": [ { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "snapshot-8bf7cfec9cb185aa" }, { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "2026-10-25" }, { "collection_id": "querist", "version": "2026-10-25" }, { "collection_id": "chanticleer", "version": "2026-10-25" } ], "source_ids": [ "AIBD-0232-source-0001", "AIBD-0232-source-0002", "AIBD-0232-source-0003", "AIBD-0232-source-0004" ], "families": { "strategic assessments": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "evaluations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "monetary observations": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "text", "text": "An existing source-stated monetary observation is present in the original value object." }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Existing value object only; its financial interpretation has not been reverified.", "record_fields": [ "value" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [ "AIBD-0232-legacy-value" ] }, "institutional decisions": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] } }, "fields": { "actors[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "developer": "Not named in the sources", "deployer": "Cheshire Constabulary, Northwich Proactive Policing Unit" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "developer", "deployer" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "actors[].ownership_control": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "ai_contribution": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "The retrospective face match supplied the suspect's identity from CCTV. The arrest arose from a later patrol sighting, and the conviction rested on seized drugs and phone messages. Sources are the deploying force's release and a local newspaper quoting the named officer. The vendor, match score and any false-match safeguards are not stated." } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "ai_relationship": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "category": "benefit created", "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "The retrospective face match supplied the suspect's identity from CCTV. The arrest arose from a later patrol sighting, and the conviction rested on seized drugs and phone messages. Sources are the deploying force's release and a local newspaper quoting the named officer. 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They recovered closed-circuit television (CCTV) of an unknown man suspected of using it. The force facial recognition system matched the image to Keenan Hughes of Connah's Quay. On Friday 17 May officers on patrol spotted Hughes on Winnington Street with Vincent Potter. A search found 99 wraps of crack cocaine worth about £990 and a hunting-style knife on Hughes. Potter had two phones, a lock knife and £960. Both pleaded guilty, and on 1 July 2024 Chester Crown Court jailed Hughes (18) for 28 months and Potter (19) for 34 months. PC Dean Butterworth said Hughes was not known locally and the technology quickly identified him as a suspect. The OECD AI Incidents Monitor records the case, listing a harm type of human or fundamental rights.", "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "account", "benefit_type" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].distribution": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].duration": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].id": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ratings": [ { "group": "societal", "depth": 2, "reason": "Two county lines dealers convicted and 99 wraps of crack cocaine and two knives taken off the street, per the force and the court outcome." } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; 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