{
  "id": "AIBD-0207",
  "title": "Sheng Siong's facial-recognition CCTV, given a shoplifter's face after a 10 September 2025 stock check at its Punggol Central outlet, matches her to six earlier wine thefts and alerts the manager's phone when she returns at noon the next day; staff stop her with three unscanned bottles, police arrest her, she repays the chain and is jailed eight days on 12 May 2026",
  "summary": "Sheng Siong's facial recognition matched a wine thief to six prior thefts and flagged her return; arrest, restitution, eight days' jail.",
  "date_observed": "2025-09-11",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "Catherine Tan Li Eng, 51, took 19 Jacob's Creek wine bottles worth about S$556 from the Sheng Siong supermarket at Block 622D Punggol Central, Singapore. She bagged them unscanned at self-checkout from 2 to 11 September 2025. On 10 September staff found stock discrepancies, reviewed closed-circuit television (CCTV) and uploaded her face to the chain's AI-driven facial recognition system. It automatically identified the earlier thefts. When she returned at noon on 11 September the retail manager got a phone alert. He stopped her at the self-checkout kiosk and found three unscanned bottles. Police arrested her. On 12 May 2026 District Judge Brenda Chua jailed her for eight days on an amalgamated theft charge after full restitution of about S$470.",
  "category": "benefit created",
  "unexpected": false,
  "purpose": "Sheng Siong rolled out its AI-driven facial recognition CCTV system in April 2024 as a measure against shoplifters. It worked with the Singapore Police Force under its Shop Theft for Retailers (STAR) program. In August 2025 it announced an extension to all 83 outlets. Staff upload the photograph of a suspect identified from footage. The system alerts store managers' phones when that person enters any branch. Sheng Siong said thefts per store rose from 4.91 in 2023 to 8 in 2024. Its CEO attributed the rise to catching cases the human eye had missed. Identifying a repeat shoplifter and flagging her return was exactly its designed purpose.",
  "system": "Sheng Siong's AI-driven facial recognition closed-circuit television system: a suspect's photograph, taken from CCTV footage after a theft is found, is uploaded, the system matches the face across footage and sends mobile alerts through a corporate app to staff when that person enters any Sheng Siong outlet",
  "model_version": null,
  "developer": null,
  "deployer": "Sheng Siong (supermarket chain, 83 outlets), Singapore",
  "location": "Punggol, Singapore",
  "domain": "Retail loss prevention and law enforcement",
  "segment": "Supermarket shop-theft detection: facial recognition on store CCTV with mobile alerts to managers",
  "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence",
  "taxonomy_note": null,
  "registry_ids": {
    "oecd_aim": "2026-05-12-21c2"
  },
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "organizational",
      "depth": 1,
      "reason": "Sheng Siong's gain was small and specific. It kept three bottles on 11 September 2025. It got full restitution of about S$470 for the rest of the 19 bottles (about S$556 in all). A seven-visit theft series at one outlet ended. The amount is minor for an 83-outlet chain. The first detection was a human stock check and a manual review of CCTV, not the system."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "The system's documented contribution came after a human detection. On 10 September 2025 a staff member found discrepancies in a stock check. Colleagues reviewed CCTV and saw Tan leaving without paying. They uploaded her face. The Straits Times reports that the system “then automatically identified the other instances” of theft. That turned one observed theft into an amalgamated charge covering seven visits. On 11 September the system's alert reached the retail manager's phone when she entered. He intercepted her at the self-checkout kiosk with three unscanned bottles. The interception, the bag check, the police call, the prosecution and the restitution were human and institutional. No source names the vendor or the model, gives an accuracy figure, or reports a false match in this case."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Lam L / CNA (2026). Shoplifter identified by Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology gets jail for stealing wine. Channel NewsAsia, 12 May 2026 (updated 14 May 2026).",
      "title": "Shoplifter identified by Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology gets jail for stealing wine",
      "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421",
      "date": "2026-05-12",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "The retail manager was at the premises when he received an alert on his mobile phone"
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Sun D / The Straits Times (2026). Woman who stole 19 bottles of wine caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system. The Straits Times, 12 May 2026 (updated 13 May 2026).",
      "title": "Woman who stole 19 bottles of wine caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system",
      "url": "https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/woman-who-stole-19-bottles-of-wine-from-sheng-shiong-caught-using-facial-recognition-system",
      "date": "2026-05-12",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "They used the footage to flag her face in the facial recognition system, which then automatically identified the other instances"
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Khoo Y-H / AsiaOne (2026). Woman caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system stealing 19 bottles of wine gets 8 days' jail. AsiaOne, 13 May 2026.",
      "title": "Woman caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system stealing 19 bottles of wine gets 8 days' jail",
      "url": "https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/woman-caught-sheng-siongs-facial-recognition-system-stealing-19-bottles-wine-get-8-days",
      "date": "2026-05-13",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "they were able to prevent her from stealing another three bottles of wine"
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Lay B / Mothership (2025). Sheng Siong installs face recognition CCTV at 83 outlets to catch shoplifters who re-enter premises. Mothership, 26 August 2025.",
      "title": "Sheng Siong installs face recognition CCTV at 83 outlets to catch shoplifters who re-enter premises",
      "url": "https://mothership.sg/2025/08/sheng-siong-face-recognition-cctv/index.html",
      "date": "2025-08-26",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "It is deployed in collaboration with the Singapore Police Force (SPF) under its Shop Theft for Retailers (STAR) Programme"
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "A chain-wide facial recognition layer on existing CCTV (rolled out from April 2024, extended to all 83 outlets after August 2025). Staff upload a suspect's face, and managers get app alerts when that person re-enters any branch.",
      "A human trigger: a stock check on 10 September 2025 that revealed missing bottles. Staff then reviewed the footage and uploaded the face the same day.",
      "A repeat offender who came back to the same outlet at noon the next day, which gave the alert something to fire on.",
      "A manager on the premises with his phone, able to intercept at the self-checkout kiosk. A police and court process (the STAR program, an amalgamated theft charge) that turned the identification into restitution and a sentence."
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "The system identifies, it does not detect. Stock counts or staff still have to notice the first theft. Sheng Siong's CEO implied as much when he said the human eye had missed cases.",
      "Someone must act on the alert within minutes. The gain here was an interception before she left the store, not the alert itself.",
      "The match must be right and lawful. A wrong face flagged at the door would produce a wrongful stop. No source reports a false match in this case. None names the vendor or any accuracy figure."
    ],
    "echoes": [
      {
        "date": null,
        "setting": "Malay Mail, 9 October 2026 (AsiaOne report): Leong Seek Yuen, 45, jailed one week after Sheng Siong's facial recognition system alerted staff when she re-entered its Sin Ming Avenue outlet on 1 October 2025, following twelve thefts of meat and drinks worth about S$90 between 27 May and 12 August 2025; as here, an assistant supervisor had first found stock discrepancies and checked CCTV. https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2026/10/09/singapore-supermarkets-facial-recognition-system-catches-woman-after-12-shoplifting-trips/238387",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "unknown",
        "source": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "paired_incident": null,
  "headline": "Sheng Siong's facial recognition catches a repeat wine thief",
  "metric": "matched a wine thief to six prior thefts and flagged her return",
  "comparator": {
    "against": "the chain's previous practice of staff manually reviewing CCTV footage to identify suspects",
    "before": "staff members had to manually review CCTV footage to identify suspects",
    "after": "staff receive mobile alerts through a corporate app once a flagged person enters any Sheng Siong branch again",
    "basis": "assumed",
    "quote": "Staff would receive mobile alerts through a corporate app once the same person enters any Sheng Siong branch again. Staff may approach the person and file a police report if they are sure the person has committed shop theft. In the past, staff members had to manually review CCTV footage to identify suspects.",
    "url": "https://mothership.sg/2025/08/sheng-siong-face-recognition-cctv/index.html"
  },
  "later": {
    "status": "litigated",
    "date": "2026-05-12",
    "note": "The shoplifter pleaded guilty to an amalgamated theft charge and was jailed for eight days on 12 May 2026 after making full restitution of about S$470.",
    "quote": "A shoplifter who was nabbed after being identified by supermarket chain Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology was sentenced to eight days' jail on Tuesday (May 12).",
    "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421"
  },
  "value": {
    "amount": "about S$470",
    "what": "restitution paid by the shoplifter for the stolen bottles that were not recovered (three bottles were recovered at the interception)",
    "who": "Sheng Siong",
    "estimate": false,
    "quote": "The retail manager called the police, and the three bottles of wine were recovered. Tan also made full restitution of about S$470 for the remaining stolen bottles.",
    "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421"
  },
  "developer_country": null,
  "deployer_country": "Singapore",
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
  "brief": null,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources. the date observed is 11 September 2025, the day the system's alert led to the interception and arrest; the Monitor's 12 May 2026 is the sentencing and reporting date. Filed as benefit created or restored (identification, arrest and restitution for an identifiable organization); the 11 September interception with three unscanned bottles could be read as a small specific harm prevented, but the record's benefit is the identification of the series and the recovery of the loss. Values differ slightly by outlet: CNA about S$556, The Straits Times over $550, AsiaOne over $555; restitution is “about S$470” in CNA and “full restitution” in all three, consistent with the three bottles recovered on 11 September. No source names the vendor of the facial recognition system or a model, so developer and the model version are null; the system's design and the STAR program come from Mothership's 26 August 2025 report of CNA's rollout story, as CNA's own rollout article returned 404 at the URL found and the Yahoo syndication 404 as well. CNA and The Straits Times refused direct fetches and were read through the r.jina.ai text proxy; The Straits Times headline now reads “...caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system” while its URL slug and the Monitor's title read “...from Sheng Shiong caught using facial recognition system”. Malay Mail's 12 May 2026 syndication of David Sun's Straits Times piece was read once and returned 403 on re-fetch, so it is not cited; STOMP and The Independent Singapore returned 403. AsiaOne credits The Straits Times and CNA. No source discusses the PDPA or privacy aspects of the system; the record notes that the first detection was human. The October 2026 echo was found through Bing after WebSearch was exhausted and Brave and DuckDuckGo rate-limited or challenged.",
      "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-05-12-21c2",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Violence under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.",
      "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since, the value as stated from the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://mothership.sg/2025/08/sheng-siong-face-recognition-cctv/index.html; https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421; https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheng_Siong",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
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      "editor": "AIBD"
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      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    }
  ],
  "confidence": "reported",
  "shade": "medium",
  "claim_status": "Independently reported",
  "claim_basis": "Sources: four independent news reports. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
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            "value": {
              "amount": "about S$470",
              "what": "restitution paid by the shoplifter for the stolen bottles that were not recovered (three bottles were recovered at the interception)",
              "who": "Sheng Siong",
              "estimate": false,
              "quote": "The retail manager called the police, and the three bottles of wine were recovered. Tan also made full restitution of about S$470 for the remaining stolen bottles.",
              "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "value"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].costs[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].counterfactual": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].currency_price_basis": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].gross_net": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].measure_type": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "value": {
              "amount": "about S$470",
              "what": "restitution paid by the shoplifter for the stolen bottles that were not recovered (three bottles were recovered at the interception)",
              "who": "Sheng Siong",
              "estimate": false,
              "quote": "The retail manager called the police, and the three bottles of wine were recovered. Tan also made full restitution of about S$470 for the remaining stolen bottles.",
              "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "value"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].period_unit": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].realization": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].recipient_payer": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "value": {
              "amount": "about S$470",
              "what": "restitution paid by the shoplifter for the stolen bottles that were not recovered (three bottles were recovered at the interception)",
              "who": "Sheng Siong",
              "estimate": false,
              "quote": "The retail manager called the police, and the three bottles of wine were recovered. Tan also made full restitution of about S$470 for the remaining stolen bottles.",
              "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "value"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].return_payback": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].valuation_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "evaluations[].ai_uplift": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].comparator": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].design": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].effect": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "The alert reached the manager when the suspect returned the next day. Staff stopped three unscanned bottles, and the retailer later received about S$470 in restitution. No controlled comparison with manual surveillance is reported."
        }
      },
      "evaluations[].exposure": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].measurement_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].metric": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "metric"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Bottles recovered, restitution paid, and the interval between identifying the suspect and the next alert."
        }
      },
      "evaluations[].reproduction_materials": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].setting_sample": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "The sources do not identify the vendor or model and provide no accuracy measure. They do not report a false match in this instance.",
          "editor_note": ""
        }
      },
      "external_references[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "registry_ids": {
              "oecd_aim": "2026-05-12-21c2"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "registry_ids"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "follow_up[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "later": {
              "status": "litigated",
              "date": "2026-05-12",
              "note": "The shoplifter pleaded guilty to an amalgamated theft charge and was jailed for eight days on 12 May 2026 after making full restitution of about S$470.",
              "quote": "A shoplifter who was nabbed after being identified by supermarket chain Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology was sentenced to eight days' jail on Tuesday (May 12).",
              "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "later"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "human_oversight": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "Staff found the initial discrepancy, reviewed the footage, and uploaded the photograph. A manager intercepted the customer and contacted the police."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "id": "AIBD-0207"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "id"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "infrastructure_dependencies[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiaries": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "Sheng Siong’s Punggol Central store."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Moved the specific information already present in the entry into its applicable question. No new source review is implied.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Sheng Siong’s Punggol Central store."
        }
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiary_count": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].benefit_type": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].claim": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "Catherine Tan Li Eng, 51, took 19 Jacob's Creek wine bottles worth about S$556 from the Sheng Siong supermarket at Block 622D Punggol Central, Singapore. She bagged them unscanned at self-checkout from 2 to 11 September 2025. On 10 September staff found stock discrepancies, reviewed closed-circuit television (CCTV) and uploaded her face to the chain's AI-driven facial recognition system. It automatically identified the earlier thefts. When she returned at noon on 11 September the retail manager got a phone alert. He stopped her at the self-checkout kiosk and found three unscanned bottles. Police arrested her. On 12 May 2026 District Judge Brenda Chua jailed her for eight days on an amalgamated theft charge after full restitution of about S$470.",
            "benefit_type": "Reduced Violence"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Sheng Siong recovered the value of stolen wine and stopped three further bottles from leaving the store."
        }
      },
      "outcomes[].distribution": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].duration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 1,
                "reason": "Sheng Siong's gain was small and specific. It kept three bottles on 11 September 2025. It got full restitution of about S$470 for the rest of the 19 bottles (about S$556 in all). A seven-visit theft series at one outlet ended. The amount is minor for an 83-outlet chain. The first detection was a human stock check and a manual review of CCTV, not the system."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].status": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].tradeoffs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].unexpected": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "unexpected": false,
            "purpose": "Sheng Siong rolled out its AI-driven facial recognition CCTV system in April 2024 as a measure against shoplifters. It worked with the Singapore Police Force under its Shop Theft for Retailers (STAR) program. In August 2025 it announced an extension to all 83 outlets. Staff upload the photograph of a suspect identified from footage. The system alerts store managers' phones when that person enters any branch. Sheng Siong said thefts per store rose from 4.91 in 2023 to 8 in 2024. Its CEO attributed the rise to catching cases the human eye had missed. Identifying a repeat shoplifter and flagging her return was exactly its designed purpose."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "unexpected",
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "places[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "location": "Punggol, Singapore",
            "deployer_country": "Singapore"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "location",
            "deployer_country"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "purpose": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "purpose": "Sheng Siong rolled out its AI-driven facial recognition CCTV system in April 2024 as a measure against shoplifters. It worked with the Singapore Police Force under its Shop Theft for Retailers (STAR) program. In August 2025 it announced an extension to all 83 outlets. Staff upload the photograph of a suspect identified from footage. The system alerts store managers' phones when that person enters any branch. Sheng Siong said thefts per store rose from 4.91 in 2023 to 8 in 2024. Its CEO attributed the rise to catching cases the human eye had missed. Identifying a repeat shoplifter and flagging her return was exactly its designed purpose."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "record_dates": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "date_observed": "2025-09-11",
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources. the date observed is 11 September 2025, the day the system's alert led to the interception and arrest; the Monitor's 12 May 2026 is the sentencing and reporting date. Filed as benefit created or restored (identification, arrest and restitution for an identifiable organization); the 11 September interception with three unscanned bottles could be read as a small specific harm prevented, but the record's benefit is the identification of the series and the recovery of the loss. Values differ slightly by outlet: CNA about S$556, The Straits Times over $550, AsiaOne over $555; restitution is “about S$470” in CNA and “full restitution” in all three, consistent with the three bottles recovered on 11 September. No source names the vendor of the facial recognition system or a model, so developer and the model version are null; the system's design and the STAR program come from Mothership's 26 August 2025 report of CNA's rollout story, as CNA's own rollout article returned 404 at the URL found and the Yahoo syndication 404 as well. CNA and The Straits Times refused direct fetches and were read through the r.jina.ai text proxy; The Straits Times headline now reads “...caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system” while its URL slug and the Monitor's title read “...from Sheng Shiong caught using facial recognition system”. Malay Mail's 12 May 2026 syndication of David Sun's Straits Times piece was read once and returned 403 on re-fetch, so it is not cited; STOMP and The Independent Singapore returned 403. AsiaOne credits The Straits Times and CNA. No source discusses the PDPA or privacy aspects of the system; the record notes that the first detection was human. The October 2026 echo was found through Bing after WebSearch was exhausted and Brave and DuckDuckGo rate-limited or challenged.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-05-12-21c2",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Violence under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since, the value as stated from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://mothership.sg/2025/08/sheng-siong-face-recognition-cctv/index.html; https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421; https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheng_Siong",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "date_observed",
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.attempts[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A chain-wide facial recognition layer on existing CCTV (rolled out from April 2024, extended to all 83 outlets after August 2025). Staff upload a suspect's face, and managers get app alerts when that person re-enters any branch.",
                "A human trigger: a stock check on 10 September 2025 that revealed missing bottles. Staff then reviewed the footage and uploaded the face the same day.",
                "A repeat offender who came back to the same outlet at noon the next day, which gave the alert something to fire on.",
                "A manager on the premises with his phone, able to intercept at the self-checkout kiosk. A police and court process (the STAR program, an amalgamated theft charge) that turned the identification into restitution and a sentence."
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The system identifies, it does not detect. Stock counts or staff still have to notice the first theft. Sheng Siong's CEO implied as much when he said the human eye had missed cases.",
                "Someone must act on the alert within minutes. The gain here was an interception before she left the store, not the alert itself.",
                "The match must be right and lawful. A wrong face flagged at the door would produce a wrongful stop. No source reports a false match in this case. None names the vendor or any accuracy figure."
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "Malay Mail, 9 October 2026 (AsiaOne report): Leong Seek Yuen, 45, jailed one week after Sheng Siong's facial recognition system alerted staff when she re-entered its Sin Ming Avenue outlet on 1 October 2025, following twelve thefts of meat and drinks worth about S$90 between 27 May and 12 August 2025; as here, an assistant supervisor had first found stock discrepancies and checked CCTV. https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2026/10/09/singapore-supermarkets-facial-recognition-system-catches-woman-after-12-shoplifting-trips/238387",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.conditions": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A chain-wide facial recognition layer on existing CCTV (rolled out from April 2024, extended to all 83 outlets after August 2025). Staff upload a suspect's face, and managers get app alerts when that person re-enters any branch.",
                "A human trigger: a stock check on 10 September 2025 that revealed missing bottles. Staff then reviewed the footage and uploaded the face the same day.",
                "A repeat offender who came back to the same outlet at noon the next day, which gave the alert something to fire on.",
                "A manager on the premises with his phone, able to intercept at the self-checkout kiosk. A police and court process (the STAR program, an amalgamated theft charge) that turned the identification into restitution and a sentence."
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The system identifies, it does not detect. Stock counts or staff still have to notice the first theft. Sheng Siong's CEO implied as much when he said the human eye had missed cases.",
                "Someone must act on the alert within minutes. The gain here was an interception before she left the store, not the alert itself.",
                "The match must be right and lawful. A wrong face flagged at the door would produce a wrongful stop. No source reports a false match in this case. None names the vendor or any accuracy figure."
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "Malay Mail, 9 October 2026 (AsiaOne report): Leong Seek Yuen, 45, jailed one week after Sheng Siong's facial recognition system alerted staff when she re-entered its Sin Ming Avenue outlet on 1 October 2025, following twelve thefts of meat and drinks worth about S$90 between 27 May and 12 August 2025; as here, an assistant supervisor had first found stock discrepancies and checked CCTV. https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2026/10/09/singapore-supermarkets-facial-recognition-system-catches-woman-after-12-shoplifting-trips/238387",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Staff must first identify a suspected theft and supply the relevant image. A manager must then verify the match and act before the person leaves. The identification and stop need to be lawful."
        }
      },
      "revision_history[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources. the date observed is 11 September 2025, the day the system's alert led to the interception and arrest; the Monitor's 12 May 2026 is the sentencing and reporting date. Filed as benefit created or restored (identification, arrest and restitution for an identifiable organization); the 11 September interception with three unscanned bottles could be read as a small specific harm prevented, but the record's benefit is the identification of the series and the recovery of the loss. Values differ slightly by outlet: CNA about S$556, The Straits Times over $550, AsiaOne over $555; restitution is “about S$470” in CNA and “full restitution” in all three, consistent with the three bottles recovered on 11 September. No source names the vendor of the facial recognition system or a model, so developer and the model version are null; the system's design and the STAR program come from Mothership's 26 August 2025 report of CNA's rollout story, as CNA's own rollout article returned 404 at the URL found and the Yahoo syndication 404 as well. CNA and The Straits Times refused direct fetches and were read through the r.jina.ai text proxy; The Straits Times headline now reads “...caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system” while its URL slug and the Monitor's title read “...from Sheng Shiong caught using facial recognition system”. Malay Mail's 12 May 2026 syndication of David Sun's Straits Times piece was read once and returned 403 on re-fetch, so it is not cited; STOMP and The Independent Singapore returned 403. AsiaOne credits The Straits Times and CNA. No source discusses the PDPA or privacy aspects of the system; the record notes that the first detection was human. The October 2026 echo was found through Bing after WebSearch was exhausted and Brave and DuckDuckGo rate-limited or challenged.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-05-12-21c2",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Reduced Violence under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since, the value as stated from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://mothership.sg/2025/08/sheng-siong-face-recognition-cctv/index.html; https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421; https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheng_Siong",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sector": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "domain": "Retail loss prevention and law enforcement",
            "segment": "Supermarket shop-theft detection: facial recognition on store CCTV with mobile alerts to managers"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "domain",
            "segment"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].access_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
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        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].citation_locator": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Lam L / CNA (2026). Shoplifter identified by Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology gets jail for stealing wine. Channel NewsAsia, 12 May 2026 (updated 14 May 2026).",
                "title": "Shoplifter identified by Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology gets jail for stealing wine",
                "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421",
                "date": "2026-05-12",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "The retail manager was at the premises when he received an alert on his mobile phone"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Sun D / The Straits Times (2026). Woman who stole 19 bottles of wine caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system. The Straits Times, 12 May 2026 (updated 13 May 2026).",
                "title": "Woman who stole 19 bottles of wine caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system",
                "url": "https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/woman-who-stole-19-bottles-of-wine-from-sheng-shiong-caught-using-facial-recognition-system",
                "date": "2026-05-12",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "They used the footage to flag her face in the facial recognition system, which then automatically identified the other instances"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Khoo Y-H / AsiaOne (2026). Woman caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system stealing 19 bottles of wine gets 8 days' jail. AsiaOne, 13 May 2026.",
                "title": "Woman caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system stealing 19 bottles of wine gets 8 days' jail",
                "url": "https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/woman-caught-sheng-siongs-facial-recognition-system-stealing-19-bottles-wine-get-8-days",
                "date": "2026-05-13",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "they were able to prevent her from stealing another three bottles of wine"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Lay B / Mothership (2025). Sheng Siong installs face recognition CCTV at 83 outlets to catch shoplifters who re-enter premises. Mothership, 26 August 2025.",
                "title": "Sheng Siong installs face recognition CCTV at 83 outlets to catch shoplifters who re-enter premises",
                "url": "https://mothership.sg/2025/08/sheng-siong-face-recognition-cctv/index.html",
                "date": "2025-08-26",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "It is deployed in collaboration with the Singapore Police Force (SPF) under its Shop Theft for Retailers (STAR) Programme"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
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            "evidence"
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        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
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      },
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        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "AIBD-0207-source-0001",
            "AIBD-0207-source-0002",
            "AIBD-0207-source-0003",
            "AIBD-0207-source-0004"
          ],
          "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.",
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          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "sources[].language": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
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        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
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            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Lam L / CNA (2026). Shoplifter identified by Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology gets jail for stealing wine. Channel NewsAsia, 12 May 2026 (updated 14 May 2026).",
                "title": "Shoplifter identified by Sheng Siong's facial recognition technology gets jail for stealing wine",
                "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/shoplifter-caught-sheng-siong-facial-recognition-tech-jail-6115421",
                "date": "2026-05-12",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "The retail manager was at the premises when he received an alert on his mobile phone"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Sun D / The Straits Times (2026). Woman who stole 19 bottles of wine caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system. The Straits Times, 12 May 2026 (updated 13 May 2026).",
                "title": "Woman who stole 19 bottles of wine caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system",
                "url": "https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/woman-who-stole-19-bottles-of-wine-from-sheng-shiong-caught-using-facial-recognition-system",
                "date": "2026-05-12",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "They used the footage to flag her face in the facial recognition system, which then automatically identified the other instances"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Khoo Y-H / AsiaOne (2026). Woman caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system stealing 19 bottles of wine gets 8 days' jail. AsiaOne, 13 May 2026.",
                "title": "Woman caught by Sheng Siong's facial recognition system stealing 19 bottles of wine gets 8 days' jail",
                "url": "https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/woman-caught-sheng-siongs-facial-recognition-system-stealing-19-bottles-wine-get-8-days",
                "date": "2026-05-13",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "they were able to prevent her from stealing another three bottles of wine"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Lay B / Mothership (2025). Sheng Siong installs face recognition CCTV at 83 outlets to catch shoplifters who re-enter premises. Mothership, 26 August 2025.",
                "title": "Sheng Siong installs face recognition CCTV at 83 outlets to catch shoplifters who re-enter premises",
                "url": "https://mothership.sg/2025/08/sheng-siong-face-recognition-cctv/index.html",
                "date": "2025-08-26",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "It is deployed in collaboration with the Singapore Police Force (SPF) under its Shop Theft for Retailers (STAR) Programme"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
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        "review_state": "record_mapped",
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      },
      "sources[].upstream_sources": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "strategic_assessments[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "strategic assessments"
      },
      "summary": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "summary": "Sheng Siong's facial recognition matched a wine thief to six prior thefts and flagged her return; arrest, restitution, eight days' jail.",
            "account": "Catherine Tan Li Eng, 51, took 19 Jacob's Creek wine bottles worth about S$556 from the Sheng Siong supermarket at Block 622D Punggol Central, Singapore. She bagged them unscanned at self-checkout from 2 to 11 September 2025. On 10 September staff found stock discrepancies, reviewed closed-circuit television (CCTV) and uploaded her face to the chain's AI-driven facial recognition system. It automatically identified the earlier thefts. When she returned at noon on 11 September the retail manager got a phone alert. He stopped her at the self-checkout kiosk and found three unscanned bottles. Police arrested her. On 12 May 2026 District Judge Brenda Chua jailed her for eight days on an amalgamated theft charge after full restitution of about S$470."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
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          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].autonomy_permissions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].component_role": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].deployment_configuration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].inputs_outputs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_name": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].product_name": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "system": "Sheng Siong's AI-driven facial recognition closed-circuit television system: a suspect's photograph, taken from CCTV footage after a theft is found, is uploaded, the system matches the face across footage and sends mobile alerts through a corporate app to staff when that person enters any Sheng Siong outlet"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "system"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].provider": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "title": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "title": "Sheng Siong's facial-recognition CCTV, given a shoplifter's face after a 10 September 2025 stock check at its Punggol Central outlet, matches her to six earlier wine thefts and alerts the manager's phone when she returns at noon the next day; staff stop her with three unscanned bottles, police arrest her, she repays the chain and is jailed eight days on 12 May 2026",
            "headline": "Sheng Siong's facial recognition catches a repeat wine thief"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "title",
            "headline"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "version": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "692dc2995f185a3da07c3ae1563b1e95acecd31c39a5109e2349ac66fb973a9b"
          ],
          "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "workflow": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "Catherine Tan Li Eng, 51, took 19 Jacob's Creek wine bottles worth about S$556 from the Sheng Siong supermarket at Block 622D Punggol Central, Singapore. She bagged them unscanned at self-checkout from 2 to 11 September 2025. On 10 September staff found stock discrepancies, reviewed closed-circuit television (CCTV) and uploaded her face to the chain's AI-driven facial recognition system. It automatically identified the earlier thefts. When she returned at noon on 11 September the retail manager got a phone alert. He stopped her at the self-checkout kiosk and found three unscanned bottles. Police arrested her. On 12 May 2026 District Judge Brenda Chua jailed her for eight days on an amalgamated theft charge after full restitution of about S$470.",
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A chain-wide facial recognition layer on existing CCTV (rolled out from April 2024, extended to all 83 outlets after August 2025). Staff upload a suspect's face, and managers get app alerts when that person re-enters any branch.",
                "A human trigger: a stock check on 10 September 2025 that revealed missing bottles. Staff then reviewed the footage and uploaded the face the same day.",
                "A repeat offender who came back to the same outlet at noon the next day, which gave the alert something to fire on.",
                "A manager on the premises with his phone, able to intercept at the self-checkout kiosk. A police and court process (the STAR program, an amalgamated theft charge) that turned the identification into restitution and a sentence."
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The system identifies, it does not detect. Stock counts or staff still have to notice the first theft. Sheng Siong's CEO implied as much when he said the human eye had missed cases.",
                "Someone must act on the alert within minutes. The gain here was an interception before she left the store, not the alert itself.",
                "The match must be right and lawful. A wrong face flagged at the door would produce a wrongful stop. No source reports a false match in this case. None names the vendor or any accuracy figure."
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "Malay Mail, 9 October 2026 (AsiaOne report): Leong Seek Yuen, 45, jailed one week after Sheng Siong's facial recognition system alerted staff when she re-entered its Sin Ming Avenue outlet on 1 October 2025, following twelve thefts of meat and drinks worth about S$90 between 27 May and 12 August 2025; as here, an assistant supervisor had first found stock discrepancies and checked CCTV. https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2026/10/09/singapore-supermarkets-facial-recognition-system-catches-woman-after-12-shoplifting-trips/238387",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "A stock check that revealed missing wine led staff to review camera footage and upload the suspect’s face. The system sent an alert that reached the manager when she returned the next day. Staff stopped her at the checkout. Police and court proceedings that followed led to restitution and an eight-day sentence."
        }
      }
    },
    "summary": {
      "total": 91,
      "addressed": 91,
      "known": 34,
      "reviewed": 0,
      "record_mapped": 34,
      "not_assessed": 57,
      "complete": false,
      "by_state": {
        "value_present": 34,
        "not_reported": 0,
        "unresolved": 0,
        "not_assessed": 57,
        "not_applicable": 0,
        "withheld": 0,
        "source_unavailable": 0
      }
    }
  }
}