{
  "id": "AIBD-0134",
  "title": "ChatGPT names an insulinoma that three years of specialist visits had missed; a Madrid internist confirms it and surgery cures the 35-year-old",
  "summary": "ChatGPT suggested an insulinoma after three undiagnosed years; a glucose sensor and ER blood tests confirmed it and surgery cured him.",
  "date_observed": "2025-08-03",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "Dani, 35, had three years of tingling, numbness, dizziness, double vision and a 15 kg weight gain. A neurologist and a primary-care doctor called them nothing important. He entered his symptoms, results and history into ChatGPT, which named an insulinoma as the likely cause. He bought a glucose sensor and recorded readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL. He went to an emergency department. An internist at Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, confirmed an insulinoma by blood tests. A month and a half later surgeons removed about two thirds of his pancreas and his symptoms went. His video was posted on Instagram on 3 August 2025. The dates of the query, visit and surgery were not given.",
  "category": "harm prevented",
  "unexpected": true,
  "purpose": "ChatGPT is a general-purpose conversational assistant. Dani used it as a diagnostic aid, entering symptoms, results and history. OpenAI told the Mirror that its services “are not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of any health condition”. The Economic Times quoted that. So this benefit lay outside the product's stated purpose.",
  "system": "ChatGPT",
  "model_version": "Not named; Dani said he used 'el modelo más inteligente de ChatGPT' (the most intelligent ChatGPT model)",
  "developer": "OpenAI",
  "deployer": null,
  "location": "Majadahonda, Spain",
  "domain": "Healthcare (rare-disease diagnosis)",
  "segment": "Consumer use of a general chatbot as a diagnostic aid",
  "benefit_type": "Improved Physical Health",
  "taxonomy_note": null,
  "registry_ids": {
    "oecd_aim": "2025-08-05-7bae"
  },
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "personal",
      "depth": 3,
      "reason": "A tumor that had gone undiagnosed for three years, producing glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL, was found and removed. Dani says he is cured. He and the outlets call it life-saving (El Español: episodes that could have ended in fainting, brain damage or death). But that counterfactual and the whole chain rest on his own account. No clinician has spoken."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "ChatGPT produced the insulinoma hypothesis from a history that two doctors had reviewed without reaching it. That prompted the glucose sensor and the emergency visit. The diagnosis was made by an internist who, Dani wrote, “lo identificó sin nosotros decirle lo que creíamos que era”. The surgery and recovery were the hospital's work. Dani says he is not a doctor but has “formación biosanitaria de muchos años”, which let him understand what he was doing. Every account traces to his own video."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Daniel Verdú / El Español (2025). Un enfermo de cáncer de páncreas de 35 años, muy rotundo: 'ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos'. El Español, 5 August 2025.",
      "title": "Un enfermo de cáncer de páncreas de 35 años, muy rotundo: \"ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos\"",
      "url": "https://www.elespanol.com/ciencia/20250805/enfermo-cancer-pancreas-anos-rotundo-chatgpt-detecto-tumor-medicos/1003743876208_0.html",
      "date": "2025-08-05",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "Tras unas analíticas, la internista confirmó lo que ChatGPT había sugerido: efectivamente tenía un insulinoma."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Bartolomé Saorin Rios / MARCA (2025). Gracias a ChatGPT descubre que tiene cáncer de páncreas: 'Ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas'. MARCA, 5 August 2025.",
      "title": "Gracias a ChatGPT descubre que tiene cáncer de páncreas: \"Ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas\"",
      "url": "https://www.marca.com/tecnologia/2025/08/05/gracias-chatgpt-descubre-cancer-pancreas-marcado-despues-vidas.html",
      "date": "2025-08-05",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "Este video está colgado en las redes de su pareja María Hernández-Alcalá y ya acumula más de 1 millón de visualizaciones."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "Candela Hornero / Telecinco (2025). ChatGPT le ayuda a descubrir que tiene cáncer de páncreas tras años sin diagnóstico. Telecinco.es, 5 August 2025.",
      "title": "ChatGPT le ayuda a descubrir que tiene cáncer de páncreas tras años sin diagnóstico",
      "url": "https://www.telecinco.es/noticias/salud/20250805/chatgpt-ayuda-descubrir-cancer-pancreas-anos-sin-diagnostico_18_016301459.html",
      "date": "2025-08-05",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos y hoy me operan del páncreas gracias a su diagnóstico"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "citation": "María Hernández-Alcalá (@mariahalcala) (2025). Instagram reel carrying Dani's video and his written clarification. Instagram, 3 August 2025.",
      "title": "Esta historia ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas (Instagram reel DM508s_tAKz)",
      "url": "https://www.instagram.com/reel/DM508s_tAKz/",
      "date": "2025-08-03",
      "written_by": "beneficiary",
      "quote": "la internista del Puerta lo identificó sin nosotros decirle lo que creíamos que era"
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "A rare condition (Dani: “una enfermedad muy poco común (1 entre 1millon)”) with diffuse symptoms. A neurologist, after neck and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and a primary-care doctor had dismissed them over three years.",
      "A user with “formación biosanitaria de muchos años” who entered the full symptom list, test results and clinical history into the chatbot. He could interpret its answer.",
      "A cheap self-test, a continuous glucose sensor, that could corroborate the hypothesis before the emergency visit. It read 30 to 40 mg/dL at night and between meals.",
      "An emergency internist at Puerta de Hierro who confirmed the insulinoma by blood tests, and a surgical team that removed two thirds of the pancreas."
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "The chatbot's hypothesis is treated as a reason to be tested, not as a diagnosis. Dani says he went to doctors before, during and after.",
      "The suspected condition has an objective marker that a patient or clinician can measure quickly.",
      "The user can state symptoms and prior results in enough detail for the model to rank a rare cause. Two doctors had the same information."
    ],
    "echoes": [
      {
        "date": null,
        "setting": "AIBD-0038: ChatGPT proposes ALMS1 for a 44-year-old nephrology patient (consumer chatbot supplies a rare diagnosis that clinicians then confirm).",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "unknown",
        "source": null
      },
      {
        "date": null,
        "setting": "AIBD-0060: ChatGPT suggests tethered cord syndrome for a child seen by 17 doctors.",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "unknown",
        "source": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "paired_incident": null,
  "headline": "ChatGPT names an insulinoma doctors missed for three years",
  "metric": "surgeons removed about two thirds of his pancreas and his symptoms went",
  "comparator": {
    "against": "three years of visits to specialists, including a neurologist, and a primary-care doctor",
    "before": "Tras varias pruebas le “dijeron que no era nada”",
    "after": "en pocos minutos su diagnóstico señalaba como posible principal causa de lo que me sucedía: un tumor de páncreas, un insulinoma",
    "basis": "assumed",
    "quote": "En ese momento de desesperación fue cuando decidió meter todos sus “síntomas, los resultados médicos, el historial clínico al modelo más inteligente de ChatGPT”, señaló. Y según él “en pocos minutos su diagnóstico señalaba como posible principal causa de lo que me sucedía: un tumor de páncreas, un insulinoma”.",
    "url": "https://www.marca.com/tecnologia/2025/08/05/gracias-chatgpt-descubre-cancer-pancreas-marcado-despues-vidas.html"
  },
  "later": {
    "status": "unknown",
    "date": null,
    "note": "The surgery and the disappearance of his symptoms were already in the 3 August 2025 video; no later report on Dani was found, only re-reports of the same story.",
    "quote": null,
    "url": null
  },
  "value": null,
  "developer_country": "United States",
  "deployer_country": null,
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
  "brief": null,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources. Filed as specific harm prevented as the classifier proposed: the harm was specific (an undiagnosed insulinoma with glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL) and the supporting evidence is the internist's confirmation and the surgery; the counterfactual that doctors would not have found it rests on three years without a diagnosis. The Monitor also lists El Imparcial, which adds “enfermero” and a Reuters credit that the first-hand sources do not support, so it was not used. The Instagram reel was dated from its page metadata (3 August 2025); the video opens with “hoy me operan”, so the surgery predates the post, but no date was found. No hospital statement was found.",
      "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-08-05-7bae",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Benefit type set to Improved Physical Health under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.",
      "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against from the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://www.marca.com/tecnologia/2025/08/05/gracias-chatgpt-descubre-cancer-pancreas-marcado-despues-vidas.html",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the developer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-25",
      "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    }
  ],
  "confidence": "reported",
  "shade": "medium",
  "claim_status": "Independently reported",
  "claim_basis": "Sources: three independent news reports and the beneficiary's other. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
  "profile": {
    "case_id": "AIBD-0134",
    "catalog_version": "1.0.0",
    "source_fingerprint": "0ceafd256de27fe7eee2f880df02c43a273967c01252679c08c75e916609ae73",
    "collection_refs": [
      {
        "collection_id": "aibd",
        "version": "snapshot-8bf7cfec9cb185aa"
      },
      {
        "collection_id": "aibd",
        "version": "2026-10-25"
      },
      {
        "collection_id": "viator",
        "version": "2026-10-25"
      },
      {
        "collection_id": "adyt",
        "version": "2026-10-25"
      }
    ],
    "source_ids": [
      "AIBD-0134-source-0001",
      "AIBD-0134-source-0002",
      "AIBD-0134-source-0003",
      "AIBD-0134-source-0004"
    ],
    "families": {
      "strategic assessments": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      },
      "evaluations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      },
      "monetary observations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      },
      "institutional decisions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "record_ids": []
      }
    },
    "fields": {
      "actors[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "developer": "OpenAI"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "developer"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "actors[].ownership_control": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "ai_contribution": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ai_role": {
              "status": "assessed",
              "statement": "ChatGPT produced the insulinoma hypothesis from a history that two doctors had reviewed without reaching it. That prompted the glucose sensor and the emergency visit. The diagnosis was made by an internist who, Dani wrote, “lo identificó sin nosotros decirle lo que creíamos que era”. The surgery and recovery were the hospital's work. Dani says he is not a doctor but has “formación biosanitaria de muchos años”, which let him understand what he was doing. Every account traces to his own video."
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "ai_relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "category": "harm prevented",
            "ai_role": {
              "status": "assessed",
              "statement": "ChatGPT produced the insulinoma hypothesis from a history that two doctors had reviewed without reaching it. That prompted the glucose sensor and the emergency visit. The diagnosis was made by an internist who, Dani wrote, “lo identificó sin nosotros decirle lo que creíamos que era”. The surgery and recovery were the hospital's work. Dani says he is not a doctor but has “formación biosanitaria de muchos años”, which let him understand what he was doing. Every account traces to his own video."
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ai_role",
            "category"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].alternatives": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].assessor_date": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].depth": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "personal",
                "depth": 3,
                "reason": "A tumor that had gone undiagnosed for three years, producing glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL, was found and removed. Dani says he is cured. He and the outlets call it life-saving (El Español: episodes that could have ended in fainting, brain damage or death). But that counterfactual and the whole chain rest on his own account. No clinician has spoken."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].display_confidence": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "structured",
          "data": {
            "confidence": "medium",
            "evidence_word": "reported",
            "claim_status": "Independently reported",
            "basis": "Sources: three independent news reports and the beneficiary's other. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.",
            "interpretation": "Existing display rule preserved; the richer outcome-specific confidence question still needs review."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Derived from the existing case display properties; not a new evidentiary judgment.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].rationale": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "personal",
                "depth": 3,
                "reason": "A tumor that had gone undiagnosed for three years, producing glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL, was found and removed. Dani says he is cured. He and the outlets call it life-saving (El Español: episodes that could have ended in fainting, brain damage or death). But that counterfactual and the whole chain rest on his own account. No clinician has spoken."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Dani describes a tumor that remained undiagnosed for three years. He reports that his symptoms ended after surgery. The reports discuss episodes that could have caused serious harm, but that possibility and the recovery remain supported by his account alone."
        }
      },
      "assessments[].rubric_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].status_basis": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "assessments[].target": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "personal",
                "depth": 3,
                "reason": "A tumor that had gone undiagnosed for three years, producing glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL, was found and removed. Dani says he is cured. He and the outlets call it life-saving (El Español: episodes that could have ended in fainting, brain damage or death). But that counterfactual and the whole chain rest on his own account. No clinician has spoken."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "availability": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "brief": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "case_kind": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "case_links[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].evidence_links": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].evidence_strength": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].missingness": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "claims[].proposition": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "cross_border_flows[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "decisions[].action_outcome": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "decisions[].grounds": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "decisions[].institution_task": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "decisions[].success_criterion": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "institutional decisions"
      },
      "deployment_stage": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "economics[].amount": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].costs[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].counterfactual": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].currency_price_basis": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].gross_net": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].measure_type": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].period_unit": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].realization": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].recipient_payer": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].return_payback": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].valuation_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "evaluations[].ai_uplift": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].comparator": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].design": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].effect": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Dani reports that his symptoms ended after surgery. The comparison is with his earlier three years without a diagnosis, not a controlled assessment."
        }
      },
      "evaluations[].exposure": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].measurement_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Dani described his symptoms, glucose readings, diagnosis, and surgery in his own video account."
        }
      },
      "evaluations[].metric": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "metric"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Glucose level, symptoms, and response to surgery."
        }
      },
      "evaluations[].reproduction_materials": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].setting_sample": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "No treating clinician or medical record independently confirms the account. The reports do not establish whether the chatbot prevented death."
        }
      },
      "external_references[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "registry_ids": {
              "oecd_aim": "2025-08-05-7bae"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "registry_ids"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "follow_up[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "later": {
              "status": "unknown",
              "note": "The surgery and the disappearance of his symptoms were already in the 3 August 2025 video; no later report on Dani was found, only re-reports of the same story."
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "later"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "human_oversight": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "id": "AIBD-0134"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "id"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "infrastructure_dependencies[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiaries": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "Dani, a 35-year-old man in Madrid."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Moved the specific information already present in the entry into its applicable question. No new source review is implied.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Dani, a 35-year-old man in Madrid."
        }
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiary_count": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "One person."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Moved the specific information already present in the entry into its applicable question. No new source review is implied.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "One person."
        }
      },
      "outcomes[].benefit_type": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "benefit_type": "Improved Physical Health"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].claim": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "Dani, 35, had three years of tingling, numbness, dizziness, double vision and a 15 kg weight gain. A neurologist and a primary-care doctor called them nothing important. He entered his symptoms, results and history into ChatGPT, which named an insulinoma as the likely cause. He bought a glucose sensor and recorded readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL. He went to an emergency department. An internist at Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, confirmed an insulinoma by blood tests. A month and a half later surgeons removed about two thirds of his pancreas and his symptoms went. His video was posted on Instagram on 3 August 2025. The dates of the query, visit and surgery were not given.",
            "benefit_type": "Improved Physical Health"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Dani reports that a chatbot suggestion led him to seek further tests, after which doctors diagnosed and removed an insulinoma."
        }
      },
      "outcomes[].distribution": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].duration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "personal",
                "depth": 3,
                "reason": "A tumor that had gone undiagnosed for three years, producing glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL, was found and removed. Dani says he is cured. He and the outlets call it life-saving (El Español: episodes that could have ended in fainting, brain damage or death). But that counterfactual and the whole chain rest on his own account. No clinician has spoken."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].status": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].tradeoffs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].unexpected": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "unexpected": true,
            "purpose": "ChatGPT is a general-purpose conversational assistant. Dani used it as a diagnostic aid, entering symptoms, results and history. OpenAI told the Mirror that its services “are not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of any health condition”. The Economic Times quoted that. So this benefit lay outside the product's stated purpose."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "unexpected",
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "places[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "location": "Majadahonda, Spain",
            "developer_country": "United States"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "location",
            "developer_country"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "purpose": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "purpose": "ChatGPT is a general-purpose conversational assistant. Dani used it as a diagnostic aid, entering symptoms, results and history. OpenAI told the Mirror that its services “are not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of any health condition”. The Economic Times quoted that. So this benefit lay outside the product's stated purpose."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "record_dates": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "date_observed": "2025-08-03",
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources. Filed as specific harm prevented as the classifier proposed: the harm was specific (an undiagnosed insulinoma with glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL) and the supporting evidence is the internist's confirmation and the surgery; the counterfactual that doctors would not have found it rests on three years without a diagnosis. The Monitor also lists El Imparcial, which adds “enfermero” and a Reuters credit that the first-hand sources do not support, so it was not used. The Instagram reel was dated from its page metadata (3 August 2025); the video opens with “hoy me operan”, so the surgery predates the post, but no date was found. No hospital statement was found.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-08-05-7bae",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Improved Physical Health under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://www.marca.com/tecnologia/2025/08/05/gracias-chatgpt-descubre-cancer-pancreas-marcado-despues-vidas.html",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "date_observed",
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.attempts[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A rare condition (Dani: “una enfermedad muy poco común (1 entre 1millon)”) with diffuse symptoms. A neurologist, after neck and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and a primary-care doctor had dismissed them over three years.",
                "A user with “formación biosanitaria de muchos años” who entered the full symptom list, test results and clinical history into the chatbot. He could interpret its answer.",
                "A cheap self-test, a continuous glucose sensor, that could corroborate the hypothesis before the emergency visit. It read 30 to 40 mg/dL at night and between meals.",
                "An emergency internist at Puerta de Hierro who confirmed the insulinoma by blood tests, and a surgical team that removed two thirds of the pancreas."
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The chatbot's hypothesis is treated as a reason to be tested, not as a diagnosis. Dani says he went to doctors before, during and after.",
                "The suspected condition has an objective marker that a patient or clinician can measure quickly.",
                "The user can state symptoms and prior results in enough detail for the model to rank a rare cause. Two doctors had the same information."
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "AIBD-0038: ChatGPT proposes ALMS1 for a 44-year-old nephrology patient (consumer chatbot supplies a rare diagnosis that clinicians then confirm).",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                },
                {
                  "setting": "AIBD-0060: ChatGPT suggests tethered cord syndrome for a child seen by 17 doctors.",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.conditions": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A rare condition (Dani: “una enfermedad muy poco común (1 entre 1millon)”) with diffuse symptoms. A neurologist, after neck and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and a primary-care doctor had dismissed them over three years.",
                "A user with “formación biosanitaria de muchos años” who entered the full symptom list, test results and clinical history into the chatbot. He could interpret its answer.",
                "A cheap self-test, a continuous glucose sensor, that could corroborate the hypothesis before the emergency visit. It read 30 to 40 mg/dL at night and between meals.",
                "An emergency internist at Puerta de Hierro who confirmed the insulinoma by blood tests, and a surgical team that removed two thirds of the pancreas."
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The chatbot's hypothesis is treated as a reason to be tested, not as a diagnosis. Dani says he went to doctors before, during and after.",
                "The suspected condition has an objective marker that a patient or clinician can measure quickly.",
                "The user can state symptoms and prior results in enough detail for the model to rank a rare cause. Two doctors had the same information."
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "AIBD-0038: ChatGPT proposes ALMS1 for a 44-year-old nephrology patient (consumer chatbot supplies a rare diagnosis that clinicians then confirm).",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                },
                {
                  "setting": "AIBD-0060: ChatGPT suggests tethered cord syndrome for a child seen by 17 doctors.",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "A clinician needs to investigate the suggestion. Here, the suspected condition had a marker that the patient could measure with a glucose sensor, and doctors confirmed it with blood tests."
        }
      },
      "revision_history[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the OECD Monitor entry and the cited sources. Filed as specific harm prevented as the classifier proposed: the harm was specific (an undiagnosed insulinoma with glucose readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL) and the supporting evidence is the internist's confirmation and the surgery; the counterfactual that doctors would not have found it rests on three years without a diagnosis. The Monitor also lists El Imparcial, which adds “enfermero” and a Reuters credit that the first-hand sources do not support, so it was not used. The Instagram reel was dated from its page metadata (3 August 2025); the video opens with “hoy me operan”, so the surgery predates the post, but no date was found. No hospital statement was found.",
                "source": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-08-05-7bae",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Improved Physical Health under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Knowledge Discovery among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://www.marca.com/tecnologia/2025/08/05/gracias-chatgpt-descubre-cancer-pancreas-marcado-despues-vidas.html",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the developer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, purpose, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-25",
                "change": "Clarified the displayed field answers and placed measurements and limitations in their respective fields.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sector": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "domain": "Healthcare (rare-disease diagnosis)",
            "segment": "Consumer use of a general chatbot as a diagnostic aid"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "domain",
            "segment"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].access_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].citation_locator": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Daniel Verdú / El Español (2025). Un enfermo de cáncer de páncreas de 35 años, muy rotundo: 'ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos'. El Español, 5 August 2025.",
                "title": "Un enfermo de cáncer de páncreas de 35 años, muy rotundo: \"ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos\"",
                "url": "https://www.elespanol.com/ciencia/20250805/enfermo-cancer-pancreas-anos-rotundo-chatgpt-detecto-tumor-medicos/1003743876208_0.html",
                "date": "2025-08-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Tras unas analíticas, la internista confirmó lo que ChatGPT había sugerido: efectivamente tenía un insulinoma."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Bartolomé Saorin Rios / MARCA (2025). Gracias a ChatGPT descubre que tiene cáncer de páncreas: 'Ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas'. MARCA, 5 August 2025.",
                "title": "Gracias a ChatGPT descubre que tiene cáncer de páncreas: \"Ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas\"",
                "url": "https://www.marca.com/tecnologia/2025/08/05/gracias-chatgpt-descubre-cancer-pancreas-marcado-despues-vidas.html",
                "date": "2025-08-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Este video está colgado en las redes de su pareja María Hernández-Alcalá y ya acumula más de 1 millón de visualizaciones."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Candela Hornero / Telecinco (2025). ChatGPT le ayuda a descubrir que tiene cáncer de páncreas tras años sin diagnóstico. Telecinco.es, 5 August 2025.",
                "title": "ChatGPT le ayuda a descubrir que tiene cáncer de páncreas tras años sin diagnóstico",
                "url": "https://www.telecinco.es/noticias/salud/20250805/chatgpt-ayuda-descubrir-cancer-pancreas-anos-sin-diagnostico_18_016301459.html",
                "date": "2025-08-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos y hoy me operan del páncreas gracias a su diagnóstico"
              },
              {
                "kind": "other",
                "citation": "María Hernández-Alcalá (@mariahalcala) (2025). Instagram reel carrying Dani's video and his written clarification. Instagram, 3 August 2025.",
                "title": "Esta historia ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas (Instagram reel DM508s_tAKz)",
                "url": "https://www.instagram.com/reel/DM508s_tAKz/",
                "date": "2025-08-03",
                "written_by": "beneficiary",
                "quote": "la internista del Puerta lo identificó sin nosotros decirle lo que creíamos que era"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "AIBD-0134-source-0001",
            "AIBD-0134-source-0002",
            "AIBD-0134-source-0003",
            "AIBD-0134-source-0004"
          ],
          "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "sources[].language": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Daniel Verdú / El Español (2025). Un enfermo de cáncer de páncreas de 35 años, muy rotundo: 'ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos'. El Español, 5 August 2025.",
                "title": "Un enfermo de cáncer de páncreas de 35 años, muy rotundo: \"ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos\"",
                "url": "https://www.elespanol.com/ciencia/20250805/enfermo-cancer-pancreas-anos-rotundo-chatgpt-detecto-tumor-medicos/1003743876208_0.html",
                "date": "2025-08-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Tras unas analíticas, la internista confirmó lo que ChatGPT había sugerido: efectivamente tenía un insulinoma."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Bartolomé Saorin Rios / MARCA (2025). Gracias a ChatGPT descubre que tiene cáncer de páncreas: 'Ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas'. MARCA, 5 August 2025.",
                "title": "Gracias a ChatGPT descubre que tiene cáncer de páncreas: \"Ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas\"",
                "url": "https://www.marca.com/tecnologia/2025/08/05/gracias-chatgpt-descubre-cancer-pancreas-marcado-despues-vidas.html",
                "date": "2025-08-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Este video está colgado en las redes de su pareja María Hernández-Alcalá y ya acumula más de 1 millón de visualizaciones."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "Candela Hornero / Telecinco (2025). ChatGPT le ayuda a descubrir que tiene cáncer de páncreas tras años sin diagnóstico. Telecinco.es, 5 August 2025.",
                "title": "ChatGPT le ayuda a descubrir que tiene cáncer de páncreas tras años sin diagnóstico",
                "url": "https://www.telecinco.es/noticias/salud/20250805/chatgpt-ayuda-descubrir-cancer-pancreas-anos-sin-diagnostico_18_016301459.html",
                "date": "2025-08-05",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "ChatGPT detectó mi tumor antes que los médicos y hoy me operan del páncreas gracias a su diagnóstico"
              },
              {
                "kind": "other",
                "citation": "María Hernández-Alcalá (@mariahalcala) (2025). Instagram reel carrying Dani's video and his written clarification. Instagram, 3 August 2025.",
                "title": "Esta historia ha marcado un antes y un después en nuestras vidas (Instagram reel DM508s_tAKz)",
                "url": "https://www.instagram.com/reel/DM508s_tAKz/",
                "date": "2025-08-03",
                "written_by": "beneficiary",
                "quote": "la internista del Puerta lo identificó sin nosotros decirle lo que creíamos que era"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].upstream_sources": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "strategic_assessments[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "strategic assessments"
      },
      "summary": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "summary": "ChatGPT suggested an insulinoma after three undiagnosed years; a glucose sensor and ER blood tests confirmed it and surgery cured him.",
            "account": "Dani, 35, had three years of tingling, numbness, dizziness, double vision and a 15 kg weight gain. A neurologist and a primary-care doctor called them nothing important. He entered his symptoms, results and history into ChatGPT, which named an insulinoma as the likely cause. He bought a glucose sensor and recorded readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL. He went to an emergency department. An internist at Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, confirmed an insulinoma by blood tests. A month and a half later surgeons removed about two thirds of his pancreas and his symptoms went. His video was posted on Instagram on 3 August 2025. The dates of the query, visit and surgery were not given."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "summary",
            "account"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].autonomy_permissions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].component_role": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "ChatGPT suggested insulinoma as a possible explanation for the reported symptoms."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Restated the mechanical task already described in the existing system and AI-role fields. No new source review is claimed.",
          "record_fields": [
            "system",
            "ai_role"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].deployment_configuration": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "text",
          "text": "Dani described using the most intelligent model available in ChatGPT. The account does not name that model."
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Separated the model, software, hardware, or operation already described in the existing record. No new source review is claimed.",
          "record_fields": [
            "model_version",
            "system",
            "ai_role"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].inputs_outputs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_name": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_version": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "model_version": "Not named; Dani said he used 'el modelo más inteligente de ChatGPT' (the most intelligent ChatGPT model)"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "model_version"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Exact release not established.",
          "editor_note": ""
        }
      },
      "systems[].product_name": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "system": "ChatGPT"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "system"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].provider": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "structured",
          "data": {
            "application_developer": "OpenAI"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "developer"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "title": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "title": "ChatGPT names an insulinoma that three years of specialist visits had missed; a Madrid internist confirms it and surgery cures the 35-year-old",
            "headline": "ChatGPT names an insulinoma doctors missed for three years"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "title",
            "headline"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "version": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "identifiers",
          "identifiers": [
            "0ceafd256de27fe7eee2f880df02c43a273967c01252679c08c75e916609ae73"
          ],
          "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.",
          "record_fields": [],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "workflow": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "Dani, 35, had three years of tingling, numbness, dizziness, double vision and a 15 kg weight gain. A neurologist and a primary-care doctor called them nothing important. He entered his symptoms, results and history into ChatGPT, which named an insulinoma as the likely cause. He bought a glucose sensor and recorded readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL. He went to an emergency department. An internist at Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, confirmed an insulinoma by blood tests. A month and a half later surgeons removed about two thirds of his pancreas and his symptoms went. His video was posted on Instagram on 3 August 2025. The dates of the query, visit and surgery were not given.",
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "A rare condition (Dani: “una enfermedad muy poco común (1 entre 1millon)”) with diffuse symptoms. A neurologist, after neck and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and a primary-care doctor had dismissed them over three years.",
                "A user with “formación biosanitaria de muchos años” who entered the full symptom list, test results and clinical history into the chatbot. He could interpret its answer.",
                "A cheap self-test, a continuous glucose sensor, that could corroborate the hypothesis before the emergency visit. It read 30 to 40 mg/dL at night and between meals.",
                "An emergency internist at Puerta de Hierro who confirmed the insulinoma by blood tests, and a surgical team that removed two thirds of the pancreas."
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "The chatbot's hypothesis is treated as a reason to be tested, not as a diagnosis. Dani says he went to doctors before, during and after.",
                "The suspected condition has an objective marker that a patient or clinician can measure quickly.",
                "The user can state symptoms and prior results in enough detail for the model to rank a rare cause. Two doctors had the same information."
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "setting": "AIBD-0038: ChatGPT proposes ALMS1 for a 44-year-old nephrology patient (consumer chatbot supplies a rare diagnosis that clinicians then confirm).",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                },
                {
                  "setting": "AIBD-0060: ChatGPT suggests tethered cord syndrome for a child seen by 17 doctors.",
                  "outcome": "unknown"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "display": {
          "answer": "Dani entered his symptoms, test results, and medical history into ChatGPT. He used a glucose sensor that recorded readings of 30 to 40 mg/dL, then sought emergency care. An internist confirmed the insulinoma, and a surgical team that treated him removed about two-thirds of his pancreas."
        }
      }
    },
    "summary": {
      "total": 91,
      "addressed": 91,
      "known": 35,
      "reviewed": 0,
      "record_mapped": 35,
      "not_assessed": 56,
      "complete": false,
      "by_state": {
        "value_present": 35,
        "not_reported": 0,
        "unresolved": 0,
        "not_assessed": 56,
        "not_applicable": 0,
        "withheld": 0,
        "source_unavailable": 0
      }
    }
  }
}