{
  "id": "AIBD-0101",
  "title": "AI thermal-camera early warning stops trains for elephants at Madukkarai, Tamil Nadu",
  "summary": "TN Forest Dept AI cameras on a 7.05 km rail stretch: 7,116+ alerts, thousands of train stops, zero elephant deaths since Feb 2024.",
  "date_observed": "2024-02-09",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "The Tamil Nadu Forest Department installed 24 hybrid thermal cameras with AI detection on 12 towers. They cover 7.05 km of the Ettimadai–Walayar railway section in Madukkarai forest range, Coimbatore district. They have operated since 9 February 2024. A trial run already generated alerts by 7 January 2024. Alerts go to a control room at Puthupathi. Its staff warn station masters and loco pilots and drive elephants away from the tracks. By 7 July 2026 the department's Additional Chief Secretary reported over 7,116 alerts and 3,281 train slow-downs or stops (DT Next reports 3,821). It also gave about 9,481 safe elephant crossings and no elephant deaths on the stretch. Eleven elephants were killed there between 2008 and 2022.",
  "category": "protective response",
  "unexpected": false,
  "purpose": "Detect elephants near railway tracks with thermal cameras and AI, alert forest staff and railway crews, and prevent train-elephant collisions.",
  "system": "AI-based elephant early warning system (24 hybrid thermal cameras on 12 towers, Elephant Control and Command Center, Puthupathi)",
  "model_version": null,
  "developer": null,
  "deployer": "Tamil Nadu Forest Department (Department of Environment, Climate Change and Forests), with railway station masters at Walayar and Ettimadai and loco pilots",
  "location": "Madukkarai, Coimbatore district, India",
  "domain": "Conservation and biodiversity",
  "segment": "Wildlife protection / railway operations",
  "benefit_type": "Increased Product Safety",
  "taxonomy_note": "The collisions avoided are between trains and elephants, so the gain is shared with conservation.",
  "registry_ids": {},
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "personal",
      "depth": null,
      "reason": "The reports count train stops and crossings, not injuries avoided by crews or passengers."
    },
    {
      "group": "organizational",
      "depth": 2,
      "reason": "The Forest Department reports zero elephant deaths on a stretch that recorded eleven deaths from 2008 to 2022, including three in November 2021."
    },
    {
      "group": "societal",
      "depth": 3,
      "reason": "Reported 9,481 safe crossings and no track deaths for wild elephants on a stretch that recorded eleven deaths from 2008 to 2022. The number of deaths that would otherwise have occurred remains unknown."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "AI classification of thermal-camera feeds generated the alerts that triggered staff intervention and train slow-downs. The figures (alerts, stops, crossings, zero deaths) are the department's own statements as reproduced verbatim in news reports. No official document is among the sources. No per-event counterfactual is established."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "The New Indian Express (2026). AI camera system along railway tracks ends jumbo deaths in Madukkarai forest range.",
      "title": "AI camera system along railway tracks ends jumbo deaths in Madukkarai forest range",
      "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range",
      "date": "2026-07-08",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "has generated more than 7,116 real-time alerts regarding animal movement, leading to 3,281 instances of loco pilots stopping or slowing down trains"
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "The New Indian Express (2025). No elephant deaths on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch in 22 months.",
      "title": "No elephant deaths on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch in 22 months",
      "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months",
      "date": "2025-12-21",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "Two dozen 360-degree-wide hybrid thermal cameras have been functioning since February 9, 2024 for a 7.05-kilometre distance"
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "India Today (2025). Tamil Nadu Forest Department shares video showing how AI ensures safety of elephants.",
      "title": "Tamil Nadu Forest Department shares video showing how AI ensures safety of elephants",
      "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/tamil-nadu-forest-department-shares-video-showing-how-ai-ensures-safety-of-elephants-2770278-2025-08-12",
      "date": "2025-08-12",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "In Madukkarai, the AI-powered early warning system has ensured zero elephant deaths on rail tracks since Nov 2023."
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "DT Next (2026). AI powered elephant alert system enables 9,481 safe crossings, records zero train track deaths.",
      "title": "AI powered elephant alert system enables 9,481 safe crossings, records zero train track deaths",
      "url": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/ai-powered-elephant-alert-system-enables-9481-safe-crossings-records-zero-train-track-deaths",
      "date": "2026-07-07",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "resulting in 3,821 instances where trains were slowed down or halted to allow elephants to cross tracks safely"
    },
    {
      "kind": "news report",
      "citation": "The Hindu (2024). Trial run of AI-based early warning system near Coimbatore proves promising as field staff save elephants.",
      "title": "Trial run of AI-based early warning system near Coimbatore proves promising as field staff save elephants",
      "url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece",
      "date": "2024-01-07",
      "written_by": "independent",
      "quote": "Their intervention based on the early warning has already prevented several elephants from walking along the tracks or crossing them before train movement."
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "Thermal cameras covering a known elephant crossing corridor",
      "24-hour staffed control room that relays alerts to station masters and loco pilots",
      "Field staff able to move elephants away from the track",
      "Railway agreement to slow or stop trains on alert"
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "Camera coverage of the full vulnerable section",
      "Low false-alert rate so crews keep responding",
      "Communication chain (intercom, walkie-talkie, WhatsApp) functioning at night",
      "Elephant movement continuing to cross at monitored points"
    ],
    "echoes": [
      {
        "date": "2024-01-07",
        "setting": "Trial run, same stretch, alerts to Forest Department only",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "recurred",
        "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece"
      },
      {
        "date": "2025-08-12",
        "setting": "Department statement: 6,592 safe crossings, zero deaths since Nov 2023",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "recurred",
        "source": "https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/tamil-nadu-forest-department-shares-video-showing-how-ai-ensures-safety-of-elephants-2770278-2025-08-12"
      },
      {
        "date": "2026-07-07",
        "setting": "Department statement at 2.5 years: 9,481 crossings, zero deaths",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "recurred",
        "source": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/ai-powered-elephant-alert-system-enables-9481-safe-crossings-records-zero-train-track-deaths"
      }
    ]
  },
  "paired_incident": {
    "database": "AI Incident Database",
    "identifier": "219",
    "title": "Poachers Evaded AI Cameras and Killed Four Rhinos",
    "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/219",
    "severity": null,
    "group": "societal",
    "basis": "AI wildlife-reserve cameras failed to detect intruders and four rhinos were killed; Madukkarai's thermal cameras are the same detection-to-alert design protecting elephants."
  },
  "headline": "AI thermal cameras stop trains for elephants at Madukkarai",
  "metric": "about 9,481 safe elephant crossings and no elephant deaths on the stretch",
  "comparator": {
    "against": "the same 7.05 km Madukkarai railway stretch before the cameras (2008 to 2022)",
    "before": "Eleven wild elephants were killed on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch from 2008 to 2022",
    "after": "no elephant deaths on the railway tracks in the last 22 months (as of 21 December 2025)",
    "basis": "measured",
    "quote": "Eleven wild elephants were killed on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch from 2008 to 2022 with the last being reported in November 2021 when three elephants died.",
    "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months"
  },
  "later": {
    "status": "persisted",
    "date": "2026-07-08",
    "note": "At two and a half years the department reported about 9,481 safe crossings and still no elephant deaths on the stretch, and had added AI-powered drones to extend surveillance beyond the fixed cameras.",
    "quote": "\"These are the unsung heroes whose constant vigilance, dedication, and hard work have facilitated around 9,481 safe elephant crossings, ensuring zero elephant deaths on railway tracks and demonstrating how technology, human vigilance, and teamwork can come together to protect wildlife,\" said Supriya Sahu.",
    "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range"
  },
  "value": null,
  "developer_country": null,
  "deployer_country": "India",
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
  "brief": null,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Paired with AI Incident Database incident 219 (medium confidence); severity not given by the source.",
      "source": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/219",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Replaced “Southern Railway” in deployer with the sources' station masters at Walayar and Ettimadai and loco pilots, restated the trial as already generating alerts by 7 January 2024 rather than beginning then, attributed the zero-deaths figure to the Forest Department alone and dropped “endangered” from the societal reason, because no cited source names Southern Railway, dates the trial's start, quotes the railway on deaths or calls the elephants endangered.",
      "source": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range; https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece; https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Benefit type set to Increased Product Safety under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Environmental Sustainability among the six first used.",
      "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since from the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months; https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Forest_Department",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
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    }
  ],
  "confidence": "reported",
  "shade": "medium",
  "claim_status": "Independently reported",
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      "economics[].counterfactual": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].currency_price_basis": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].gross_net": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].measure_type": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].period_unit": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].realization": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].recipient_payer": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].return_payback": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "economics[].valuation_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "monetary observations"
      },
      "evaluations[].ai_uplift": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].comparator": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].design": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].effect": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].exposure": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].measurement_method": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].metric": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.",
          "record_fields": [
            "metric"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations",
        "display": {
          "answer": "about 9,481 safe elephant crossings and no elephant deaths on the stretch",
          "editor_note": ""
        }
      },
      "evaluations[].reproduction_materials": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].setting_sample": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "evaluations[].uncertainty_limitations": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "evaluations"
      },
      "external_references[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "paired_incident": {
              "database": "AI Incident Database",
              "identifier": "219",
              "title": "Poachers Evaded AI Cameras and Killed Four Rhinos",
              "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/219",
              "group": "societal",
              "basis": "AI wildlife-reserve cameras failed to detect intruders and four rhinos were killed; Madukkarai's thermal cameras are the same detection-to-alert design protecting elephants."
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "paired_incident"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "follow_up[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "later": {
              "status": "persisted",
              "date": "2026-07-08",
              "note": "At two and a half years the department reported about 9,481 safe crossings and still no elephant deaths on the stretch, and had added AI-powered drones to extend surveillance beyond the fixed cameras.",
              "quote": "\"These are the unsung heroes whose constant vigilance, dedication, and hard work have facilitated around 9,481 safe elephant crossings, ensuring zero elephant deaths on railway tracks and demonstrating how technology, human vigilance, and teamwork can come together to protect wildlife,\" said Supriya Sahu.",
              "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range"
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "later"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "human_oversight": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "id": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "id": "AIBD-0101"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "id"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "infrastructure_dependencies[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiaries": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].beneficiary_count": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].benefit_type": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "benefit_type": "Increased Product Safety",
            "taxonomy_note": "The collisions avoided are between trains and elephants, so the gain is shared with conservation."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "benefit_type",
            "taxonomy_note"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].claim": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "The Tamil Nadu Forest Department installed 24 hybrid thermal cameras with AI detection on 12 towers. They cover 7.05 km of the Ettimadai–Walayar railway section in Madukkarai forest range, Coimbatore district. They have operated since 9 February 2024. A trial run already generated alerts by 7 January 2024. Alerts go to a control room at Puthupathi. Its staff warn station masters and loco pilots and drive elephants away from the tracks. By 7 July 2026 the department's Additional Chief Secretary reported over 7,116 alerts and 3,281 train slow-downs or stops (DT Next reports 3,821). It also gave about 9,481 safe elephant crossings and no elephant deaths on the stretch. Eleven elephants were killed there between 2008 and 2022.",
            "benefit_type": "Increased Product Safety"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "account",
            "benefit_type"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].distribution": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].duration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].id": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "ratings": [
              {
                "group": "personal",
                "reason": "The reports count train stops and crossings, not injuries avoided by crews or passengers."
              },
              {
                "group": "organizational",
                "depth": 2,
                "reason": "The Forest Department reports zero elephant deaths on a stretch that recorded eleven deaths from 2008 to 2022, including three in November 2021."
              },
              {
                "group": "societal",
                "depth": 3,
                "reason": "Reported 9,481 safe crossings and no track deaths for wild elephants on a stretch that recorded eleven deaths from 2008 to 2022. The number of deaths that would otherwise have occurred remains unknown."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "ratings"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].status": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].tradeoffs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "outcomes[].unexpected": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "unexpected": false,
            "purpose": "Detect elephants near railway tracks with thermal cameras and AI, alert forest staff and railway crews, and prevent train-elephant collisions."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "unexpected",
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "places[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "location": "Madukkarai, Coimbatore district, India",
            "deployer_country": "India"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "location",
            "deployer_country"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "purpose": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "purpose": "Detect elephants near railway tracks with thermal cameras and AI, alert forest staff and railway crews, and prevent train-elephant collisions."
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "purpose"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "record_dates": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "date_observed": "2024-02-09",
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Paired with AI Incident Database incident 219 (medium confidence); severity not given by the source.",
                "source": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/219",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Replaced “Southern Railway” in deployer with the sources' station masters at Walayar and Ettimadai and loco pilots, restated the trial as already generating alerts by 7 January 2024 rather than beginning then, attributed the zero-deaths figure to the Forest Department alone and dropped “endangered” from the societal reason, because no cited source names Southern Railway, dates the trial's start, quotes the railway on deaths or calls the elephants endangered.",
                "source": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range; https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece; https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Increased Product Safety under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Environmental Sustainability among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months; https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Forest_Department",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "date_observed",
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.attempts[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "Thermal cameras covering a known elephant crossing corridor",
                "24-hour staffed control room that relays alerts to station masters and loco pilots",
                "Field staff able to move elephants away from the track",
                "Railway agreement to slow or stop trains on alert"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "Camera coverage of the full vulnerable section",
                "Low false-alert rate so crews keep responding",
                "Communication chain (intercom, walkie-talkie, WhatsApp) functioning at night",
                "Elephant movement continuing to cross at monitored points"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "date": "2024-01-07",
                  "setting": "Trial run, same stretch, alerts to Forest Department only",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2025-08-12",
                  "setting": "Department statement: 6,592 safe crossings, zero deaths since Nov 2023",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/tamil-nadu-forest-department-shares-video-showing-how-ai-ensures-safety-of-elephants-2770278-2025-08-12"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2026-07-07",
                  "setting": "Department statement at 2.5 years: 9,481 crossings, zero deaths",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/ai-powered-elephant-alert-system-enables-9481-safe-crossings-records-zero-train-track-deaths"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "replication.conditions": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "Thermal cameras covering a known elephant crossing corridor",
                "24-hour staffed control room that relays alerts to station masters and loco pilots",
                "Field staff able to move elephants away from the track",
                "Railway agreement to slow or stop trains on alert"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "Camera coverage of the full vulnerable section",
                "Low false-alert rate so crews keep responding",
                "Communication chain (intercom, walkie-talkie, WhatsApp) functioning at night",
                "Elephant movement continuing to cross at monitored points"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "date": "2024-01-07",
                  "setting": "Trial run, same stretch, alerts to Forest Department only",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2025-08-12",
                  "setting": "Department statement: 6,592 safe crossings, zero deaths since Nov 2023",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/tamil-nadu-forest-department-shares-video-showing-how-ai-ensures-safety-of-elephants-2770278-2025-08-12"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2026-07-07",
                  "setting": "Department statement at 2.5 years: 9,481 crossings, zero deaths",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/ai-powered-elephant-alert-system-enables-9481-safe-crossings-records-zero-train-track-deaths"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "replication"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "revision_history[]": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "revisions": [
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Paired with AI Incident Database incident 219 (medium confidence); severity not given by the source.",
                "source": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/219",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-20",
                "change": "Replaced “Southern Railway” in deployer with the sources' station masters at Walayar and Ettimadai and loco pilots, restated the trial as already generating alerts by 7 January 2024 rather than beginning then, attributed the zero-deaths figure to the Forest Department alone and dropped “endangered” from the societal reason, because no cited source names Southern Railway, dates the trial's start, quotes the railway on deaths or calls the elephants endangered.",
                "source": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range; https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece; https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Benefit type set to Increased Product Safety under Trustible's full taxonomy of 23 types; it was Improved Environmental Sustainability among the six first used.",
                "source": "https://trustible.ai/post/a-framework-for-measuring-the-benefits-of-ai/",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against, what happened since from the cited sources.",
                "source": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months; https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
                "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Forest_Department",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              },
              {
                "date": "2026-10-21",
                "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
                "editor": "AIBD"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "revisions"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sector": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "domain": "Conservation and biodiversity",
            "segment": "Wildlife protection / railway operations"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
            "domain",
            "segment"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].access_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
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                "kind": "news report",
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                "title": "AI camera system along railway tracks ends jumbo deaths in Madukkarai forest range",
                "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range",
                "date": "2026-07-08",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "has generated more than 7,116 real-time alerts regarding animal movement, leading to 3,281 instances of loco pilots stopping or slowing down trains"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "The New Indian Express (2025). No elephant deaths on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch in 22 months.",
                "title": "No elephant deaths on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch in 22 months",
                "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months",
                "date": "2025-12-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Two dozen 360-degree-wide hybrid thermal cameras have been functioning since February 9, 2024 for a 7.05-kilometre distance"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "India Today (2025). Tamil Nadu Forest Department shares video showing how AI ensures safety of elephants.",
                "title": "Tamil Nadu Forest Department shares video showing how AI ensures safety of elephants",
                "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/tamil-nadu-forest-department-shares-video-showing-how-ai-ensures-safety-of-elephants-2770278-2025-08-12",
                "date": "2025-08-12",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "In Madukkarai, the AI-powered early warning system has ensured zero elephant deaths on rail tracks since Nov 2023."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "DT Next (2026). AI powered elephant alert system enables 9,481 safe crossings, records zero train track deaths.",
                "title": "AI powered elephant alert system enables 9,481 safe crossings, records zero train track deaths",
                "url": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/ai-powered-elephant-alert-system-enables-9481-safe-crossings-records-zero-train-track-deaths",
                "date": "2026-07-07",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "resulting in 3,821 instances where trains were slowed down or halted to allow elephants to cross tracks safely"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "The Hindu (2024). Trial run of AI-based early warning system near Coimbatore proves promising as field staff save elephants.",
                "title": "Trial run of AI-based early warning system near Coimbatore proves promising as field staff save elephants",
                "url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece",
                "date": "2024-01-07",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Their intervention based on the early warning has already prevented several elephants from walking along the tracks or crossing them before train movement."
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
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          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
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            "evidence"
          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
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      },
      "sources[].id": {
        "state": "value_present",
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          "kind": "identifiers",
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            "AIBD-0101-source-0001",
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            "AIBD-0101-source-0004",
            "AIBD-0101-source-0005"
          ],
          "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.",
          "record_fields": [],
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        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "sources[].language": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "sources[].relationship": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "evidence": [
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "The New Indian Express (2026). AI camera system along railway tracks ends jumbo deaths in Madukkarai forest range.",
                "title": "AI camera system along railway tracks ends jumbo deaths in Madukkarai forest range",
                "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jul/08/ai-camera-system-along-railway-tracks-ends-jumbo-deaths-in-madukkarai-forest-range",
                "date": "2026-07-08",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "has generated more than 7,116 real-time alerts regarding animal movement, leading to 3,281 instances of loco pilots stopping or slowing down trains"
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "The New Indian Express (2025). No elephant deaths on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch in 22 months.",
                "title": "No elephant deaths on railway tracks in Madukkarai stretch in 22 months",
                "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Dec/21/no-elephant-deaths-on-railway-tracks-in-madukkarai-stretch-in-22-months",
                "date": "2025-12-21",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "Two dozen 360-degree-wide hybrid thermal cameras have been functioning since February 9, 2024 for a 7.05-kilometre distance"
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              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "India Today (2025). Tamil Nadu Forest Department shares video showing how AI ensures safety of elephants.",
                "title": "Tamil Nadu Forest Department shares video showing how AI ensures safety of elephants",
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                "date": "2025-08-12",
                "written_by": "independent",
                "quote": "In Madukkarai, the AI-powered early warning system has ensured zero elephant deaths on rail tracks since Nov 2023."
              },
              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "DT Next (2026). AI powered elephant alert system enables 9,481 safe crossings, records zero train track deaths.",
                "title": "AI powered elephant alert system enables 9,481 safe crossings, records zero train track deaths",
                "url": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/ai-powered-elephant-alert-system-enables-9481-safe-crossings-records-zero-train-track-deaths",
                "date": "2026-07-07",
                "written_by": "independent",
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              {
                "kind": "news report",
                "citation": "The Hindu (2024). Trial run of AI-based early warning system near Coimbatore proves promising as field staff save elephants.",
                "title": "Trial run of AI-based early warning system near Coimbatore proves promising as field staff save elephants",
                "url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece",
                "date": "2024-01-07",
                "written_by": "independent",
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            ]
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        "review_state": "record_mapped",
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      "sources[].upstream_sources": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
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        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial",
        "family": "strategic assessments"
      },
      "summary": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "summary": "TN Forest Dept AI cameras on a 7.05 km rail stretch: 7,116+ alerts, thousands of train stops, zero elephant deaths since Feb 2024.",
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          }
        },
        "provenance": {
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          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
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      "systems[].autonomy_permissions": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].component_role": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].deployment_configuration": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].inputs_outputs": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_name": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].model_version": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "systems[].product_name": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "system": "AI-based elephant early warning system (24 hybrid thermal cameras on 12 towers, Elephant Control and Command Center, Puthupathi)"
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
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          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
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      },
      "systems[].provider": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": {
        "state": "not_assessed",
        "review_state": "not_assessed",
        "coverage": "partial"
      },
      "title": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "title": "AI thermal-camera early warning stops trains for elephants at Madukkarai, Tamil Nadu",
            "headline": "AI thermal cameras stop trains for elephants at Madukkarai"
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        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
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        },
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      "version": {
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            "457b98c55b5eb77a2c5d54faa3fb9712f6689ce678abccfa92e2bfaa11b4378e"
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          "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data"
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "curatorial",
          "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.",
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          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "complete"
      },
      "workflow": {
        "state": "value_present",
        "value": {
          "kind": "record_fields",
          "fields": {
            "account": "The Tamil Nadu Forest Department installed 24 hybrid thermal cameras with AI detection on 12 towers. They cover 7.05 km of the Ettimadai–Walayar railway section in Madukkarai forest range, Coimbatore district. They have operated since 9 February 2024. A trial run already generated alerts by 7 January 2024. Alerts go to a control room at Puthupathi. Its staff warn station masters and loco pilots and drive elephants away from the tracks. By 7 July 2026 the department's Additional Chief Secretary reported over 7,116 alerts and 3,281 train slow-downs or stops (DT Next reports 3,821). It also gave about 9,481 safe elephant crossings and no elephant deaths on the stretch. Eleven elephants were killed there between 2008 and 2022.",
            "replication": {
              "produced_by": [
                "Thermal cameras covering a known elephant crossing corridor",
                "24-hour staffed control room that relays alerts to station masters and loco pilots",
                "Field staff able to move elephants away from the track",
                "Railway agreement to slow or stop trains on alert"
              ],
              "must_hold": [
                "Camera coverage of the full vulnerable section",
                "Low false-alert rate so crews keep responding",
                "Communication chain (intercom, walkie-talkie, WhatsApp) functioning at night",
                "Elephant movement continuing to cross at monitored points"
              ],
              "echoes": [
                {
                  "date": "2024-01-07",
                  "setting": "Trial run, same stretch, alerts to Forest Department only",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/trial-run-of-ai-based-early-warning-system-near-coimbatore-proves-promising-as-field-staff-save-elephants/article67716099.ece"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2025-08-12",
                  "setting": "Department statement: 6,592 safe crossings, zero deaths since Nov 2023",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/tamil-nadu-forest-department-shares-video-showing-how-ai-ensures-safety-of-elephants-2770278-2025-08-12"
                },
                {
                  "date": "2026-07-07",
                  "setting": "Department statement at 2.5 years: 9,481 crossings, zero deaths",
                  "outcome": "recurred",
                  "source": "https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/ai-powered-elephant-alert-system-enables-9481-safe-crossings-records-zero-train-track-deaths"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "provenance": {
          "kind": "legacy_record",
          "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.",
          "record_fields": [
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          ],
          "source_refs": []
        },
        "review_state": "record_mapped",
        "coverage": "partial"
      }
    },
    "summary": {
      "total": 91,
      "addressed": 91,
      "known": 30,
      "reviewed": 0,
      "record_mapped": 30,
      "not_assessed": 61,
      "complete": false,
      "by_state": {
        "value_present": 30,
        "not_reported": 0,
        "unresolved": 0,
        "not_assessed": 61,
        "not_applicable": 0,
        "withheld": 0,
        "source_unavailable": 0
      }
    }
  }
}