{ "id": "AIBD-0069", "title": "From Numbers to Names facial recognition identifies Geddy Lee's mother in a Bergen-Belsen DP-camp photograph", "summary": "N2N face search found Geddy Lee's mother in a Bergen-Belsen DP-camp photo; Lee confirmed it and found more family photos at Yad Vashem", "date_observed": "2022-06-26", "date_basis": "unassessed", "date_precision": "unassessed", "benefit_status": null, "source_collection": null, "source_entry": null, "account": "From Numbers to Names (N2N) is a facial-recognition search built by software engineer Daniel Patt. It indexes roughly half a million digitized Holocaust-era photographs from the US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and Yad Vashem. The Times of Israel reported on 26 June 2022 (report date; identification date not given) that the tool surfaced a photograph of Mary Weinrib. She was an Auschwitz survivor and mother of Rush musician Geddy Lee, at the Bergen-Belsen displaced-persons camp. Lee confirmed the identification and then located further photographs of his mother's extended family in the Yad Vashem collection (Jerusalem Post, 28 June 2022). On 19 December 2022 NPR reported a second case: survivor Blanche Fixler recognized herself, her aunt and her cousin in photographs found with the tool.", "category": "benefit created", "unexpected": false, "purpose": "Identify unnamed faces in Holocaust-era photo and video archives and help descendants find images of relatives", "system": "From Numbers to Names (N2N) facial-recognition search", "model_version": null, "developer": "Daniel Patt (independent project; N2N volunteer team)", "deployer": "From Numbers to Names (numberstonames.org)", "location": null, "domain": "History and archives", "segment": "Holocaust archives and family history", "benefit_type": "Improved Knowledge Discovery", "taxonomy_note": null, "registry_ids": {}, "ratings": [ { "group": "personal", "depth": 2, "reason": "Material to a family: Lee confirmed a previously unknown photograph of his mother at Bergen-Belsen. He found photographs of her extended family (Times of Israel, Jerusalem Post). Fixler found images of herself, her aunt and cousin (NPR)" }, { "group": "organizational", "depth": 1, "reason": "Small gain for archives: an anonymous Yad Vashem photograph acquired an identification, but the sources record no formal archival update" }, { "group": "societal", "depth": 1, "reason": "Small: two documented identifications among millions of unidentified faces indexed, per the sources" } ], "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "The face-similarity search surfaced the candidate photograph. The identification was confirmed by a family member (Lee) or by the survivor herself (Fixler), not by the archive. The further Yad Vashem family photographs were found by Lee following the lead. No archive statement confirming the identification is among the sources." }, "evidence": [ { "kind": "news report", "citation": "The Times of Israel (2022). Google engineer identifies anonymous faces in WWII photos with AI facial recognition. The Times of Israel.", "title": "Google engineer identifies anonymous faces in WWII photos with AI facial recognition", "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/google-engineer-identifies-anonymous-faces-in-wwii-photos-with-ai-facial-recognition/", "date": "2022-06-26", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "He was able to confirm this was indeed a photo of her at the displaced persons camp at Bergen-Belsen" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "The Jerusalem Post (2022). AI facial recognition tech identifies rocker Geddy Lee's mother in anonymous Holocaust photos. The Jerusalem Post.", "title": "AI facial recognition tech identifies rocker Geddy Lee's mother in anonymous Holocaust photos", "url": "https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/tech-and-start-ups/article-710634", "date": "2022-06-28", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "researchers of the AI technology, From Numbers to Names, managed to find a photo of Weinrib from her time at the displaced person camp in Bergen-Belsen" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "NPR (2022). Artificial Intelligence helped connect a Holocaust survivor with photos of her past. NPR.", "title": "Artificial Intelligence helped connect a Holocaust survivor with photos of her past", "url": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135", "date": "2022-12-19", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "I recognized myself. And my aunt was there and my cousin and a few other people that I recognized." }, { "kind": "press release", "citation": "From Numbers to Names (n.d.). Home page. numberstonames.org.", "title": "From Numbers to Names", "url": "https://numberstonames.org/", "date": null, "written_by": "makers", "quote": "From Numbers to Names provides a new way to explore Holocaust photo and video archives through AI." } ], "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Face-embedding similarity search over about half a million digitized USHMM and Yad Vashem photographs", "A reference photograph of the relative supplied by the family", "Human confirmation by a family member or the survivor" ], "must_hold": [ "The archive photographs are digitized and indexed by the tool", "The relative's face appears in an indexed photograph", "A living relative or survivor can recognize and confirm the match" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2022-12-19", "setting": "Holocaust survivor Blanche Fixler, photographs found via N2N after Patt searched using a photo from Twitter", "model_version": null, "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135" } ] }, "paired_incident": { "database": "AI Incident Database", "identifier": "109", "title": "PimEyes's Facial Recognition AI Allegedly Lacked Safeguards to Prevent Itself from Being Abused", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/109", "severity": null, "group": "personal", "basis": "Same kind of system and task, a public facial-image search engine matching a face across a photo corpus: PimEyes lacked safeguards against misuse such as stalking, harming private individuals and their privacy." }, "headline": "N2N face search finds Geddy Lee's mother in Bergen-Belsen photo", "metric": null, "comparator": null, "later": { "status": "persisted", "date": "2022-12-19", "note": "Six months after the Geddy Lee identification, NPR reported a further identification made with the tool: survivor Blanche Fixler recognized herself, her aunt and her cousin.", "quote": "I recognized myself. And my aunt was there and my cousin and a few other people that I recognized.", "url": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135" }, "value": null, "developer_country": null, "deployer_country": "United States", "unrated_because": null, "brief_notes": null, "brief": null, "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Paired with AI Incident Database incident 109 (medium confidence); severity not given by the source.", "source": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/109", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Added what happened since from the cited sources.", "source": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://numberstonames.org/", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "source": null, "editor": "AIBD" } ], "confidence": "reported", "shade": "medium", "claim_status": "Independently reported", "claim_basis": "Sources: three independent news reports and the makers' press release. The cited evidence includes no independent study or report and no finding by a regulator or court.", "profile": { "case_id": "AIBD-0069", "catalog_version": "1.0.0", "source_fingerprint": "3f74741e64fe998f85884f4f38a5ee3dae3d3f0b198676c747cd2f3d8a8f1792", "collection_refs": [ { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "snapshot-8bf7cfec9cb185aa" }, { "collection_id": "aibd", "version": "2026-10-25" } ], "source_ids": [ "AIBD-0069-source-0001", "AIBD-0069-source-0002", "AIBD-0069-source-0003", "AIBD-0069-source-0004" ], "families": { "strategic assessments": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "evaluations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "monetary observations": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] }, "institutional decisions": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "record_ids": [] } }, "fields": { "actors[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "developer": "Daniel Patt (independent project; N2N volunteer team)", "deployer": "From Numbers to Names (numberstonames.org)" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "developer", "deployer" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "actors[].ownership_control": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "ai_contribution": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "The face-similarity search surfaced the candidate photograph. The identification was confirmed by a family member (Lee) or by the survivor herself (Fixler), not by the archive. The further Yad Vashem family photographs were found by Lee following the lead. No archive statement confirming the identification is among the sources." } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "ai_role" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "ai_relationship": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "category": "benefit created", "ai_role": { "status": "assessed", "statement": "The face-similarity search surfaced the candidate photograph. The identification was confirmed by a family member (Lee) or by the survivor herself (Fixler), not by the archive. The further Yad Vashem family photographs were found by Lee following the lead. 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It indexes roughly half a million digitized Holocaust-era photographs from the US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and Yad Vashem. The Times of Israel reported on 26 June 2022 (report date; identification date not given) that the tool surfaced a photograph of Mary Weinrib. She was an Auschwitz survivor and mother of Rush musician Geddy Lee, at the Bergen-Belsen displaced-persons camp. Lee confirmed the identification and then located further photographs of his mother's extended family in the Yad Vashem collection (Jerusalem Post, 28 June 2022). On 19 December 2022 NPR reported a second case: survivor Blanche Fixler recognized herself, her aunt and her cousin in photographs found with the tool.", "benefit_type": "Improved Knowledge Discovery" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "account", "benefit_type" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].distribution": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].duration": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].id": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].stakeholder_group": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "ratings": [ { "group": "personal", "depth": 2, "reason": "Material to a family: Lee confirmed a previously unknown photograph of his mother at Bergen-Belsen. He found photographs of her extended family (Times of Israel, Jerusalem Post). Fixler found images of herself, her aunt and cousin (NPR)" }, { "group": "organizational", "depth": 1, "reason": "Small gain for archives: an anonymous Yad Vashem photograph acquired an identification, but the sources record no formal archival update" }, { "group": "societal", "depth": 1, "reason": "Small: two documented identifications among millions of unidentified faces indexed, per the sources" } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "ratings" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].status": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].tradeoffs": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "outcomes[].unexpected": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "unexpected": false, "purpose": "Identify unnamed faces in Holocaust-era photo and video archives and help descendants find images of relatives" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "unexpected", "purpose" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "places[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "deployer_country": "United States" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "deployer_country" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "purpose": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "purpose": "Identify unnamed faces in Holocaust-era photo and video archives and help descendants find images of relatives" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "purpose" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "record_dates": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "date_observed": "2022-06-26", "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Paired with AI Incident Database incident 109 (medium confidence); severity not given by the source.", "source": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/109", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Added what happened since from the cited sources.", "source": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://numberstonames.org/", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "date_observed", "revisions" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "replication.attempts[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Face-embedding similarity search over about half a million digitized USHMM and Yad Vashem photographs", "A reference photograph of the relative supplied by the family", "Human confirmation by a family member or the survivor" ], "must_hold": [ "The archive photographs are digitized and indexed by the tool", "The relative's face appears in an indexed photograph", "A living relative or survivor can recognize and confirm the match" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2022-12-19", "setting": "Holocaust survivor Blanche Fixler, photographs found via N2N after Patt searched using a photo from Twitter", "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135" } ] } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "replication" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "replication.conditions": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Face-embedding similarity search over about half a million digitized USHMM and Yad Vashem photographs", "A reference photograph of the relative supplied by the family", "Human confirmation by a family member or the survivor" ], "must_hold": [ "The archive photographs are digitized and indexed by the tool", "The relative's face appears in an indexed photograph", "A living relative or survivor can recognize and confirm the match" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2022-12-19", "setting": "Holocaust survivor Blanche Fixler, photographs found via N2N after Patt searched using a photo from Twitter", "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135" } ] } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "replication" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "revision_history[]": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "change": "Paired with AI Incident Database incident 109 (medium confidence); severity not given by the source.", "source": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/109", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Added what happened since from the cited sources.", "source": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Country of the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.", "source": "https://numberstonames.org/", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "change": "Notes about which sources could be read were reworded for readers; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.", "editor": "AIBD" } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "revisions" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sector": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "domain": "History and archives", "segment": "Holocaust archives and family history" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "domain", "segment" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].access_version": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].citation_locator": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "evidence": [ { "kind": "news report", "citation": "The Times of Israel (2022). Google engineer identifies anonymous faces in WWII photos with AI facial recognition. The Times of Israel.", "title": "Google engineer identifies anonymous faces in WWII photos with AI facial recognition", "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/google-engineer-identifies-anonymous-faces-in-wwii-photos-with-ai-facial-recognition/", "date": "2022-06-26", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "He was able to confirm this was indeed a photo of her at the displaced persons camp at Bergen-Belsen" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "The Jerusalem Post (2022). AI facial recognition tech identifies rocker Geddy Lee's mother in anonymous Holocaust photos. The Jerusalem Post.", "title": "AI facial recognition tech identifies rocker Geddy Lee's mother in anonymous Holocaust photos", "url": "https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/tech-and-start-ups/article-710634", "date": "2022-06-28", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "researchers of the AI technology, From Numbers to Names, managed to find a photo of Weinrib from her time at the displaced person camp in Bergen-Belsen" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "NPR (2022). Artificial Intelligence helped connect a Holocaust survivor with photos of her past. NPR.", "title": "Artificial Intelligence helped connect a Holocaust survivor with photos of her past", "url": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135", "date": "2022-12-19", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "I recognized myself. And my aunt was there and my cousin and a few other people that I recognized." }, { "kind": "press release", "citation": "From Numbers to Names (n.d.). Home page. numberstonames.org.", "title": "From Numbers to Names", "url": "https://numberstonames.org/", "written_by": "makers", "quote": "From Numbers to Names provides a new way to explore Holocaust photo and video archives through AI." } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "evidence" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].id": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "identifiers", "identifiers": [ "AIBD-0069-source-0001", "AIBD-0069-source-0002", "AIBD-0069-source-0003", "AIBD-0069-source-0004" ], "role": "Existing evidence items, in their original order" }, "provenance": { "kind": "curatorial", "basis": "Stable within the fingerprinted record version; no source content or source review has been added.", "record_fields": [], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "complete" }, "sources[].language": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].relationship": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "evidence": [ { "kind": "news report", "citation": "The Times of Israel (2022). Google engineer identifies anonymous faces in WWII photos with AI facial recognition. The Times of Israel.", "title": "Google engineer identifies anonymous faces in WWII photos with AI facial recognition", "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/google-engineer-identifies-anonymous-faces-in-wwii-photos-with-ai-facial-recognition/", "date": "2022-06-26", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "He was able to confirm this was indeed a photo of her at the displaced persons camp at Bergen-Belsen" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "The Jerusalem Post (2022). AI facial recognition tech identifies rocker Geddy Lee's mother in anonymous Holocaust photos. The Jerusalem Post.", "title": "AI facial recognition tech identifies rocker Geddy Lee's mother in anonymous Holocaust photos", "url": "https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/tech-and-start-ups/article-710634", "date": "2022-06-28", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "researchers of the AI technology, From Numbers to Names, managed to find a photo of Weinrib from her time at the displaced person camp in Bergen-Belsen" }, { "kind": "news report", "citation": "NPR (2022). Artificial Intelligence helped connect a Holocaust survivor with photos of her past. NPR.", "title": "Artificial Intelligence helped connect a Holocaust survivor with photos of her past", "url": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135", "date": "2022-12-19", "written_by": "independent", "quote": "I recognized myself. And my aunt was there and my cousin and a few other people that I recognized." }, { "kind": "press release", "citation": "From Numbers to Names (n.d.). Home page. numberstonames.org.", "title": "From Numbers to Names", "url": "https://numberstonames.org/", "written_by": "makers", "quote": "From Numbers to Names provides a new way to explore Holocaust photo and video archives through AI." } ] } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "evidence" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "sources[].upstream_sources": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "strategic_assessments[]": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial", "family": "strategic assessments" }, "summary": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "summary": "N2N face search found Geddy Lee's mother in a Bergen-Belsen DP-camp photo; Lee confirmed it and found more family photos at Yad Vashem", "account": "From Numbers to Names (N2N) is a facial-recognition search built by software engineer Daniel Patt. It indexes roughly half a million digitized Holocaust-era photographs from the US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and Yad Vashem. The Times of Israel reported on 26 June 2022 (report date; identification date not given) that the tool surfaced a photograph of Mary Weinrib. She was an Auschwitz survivor and mother of Rush musician Geddy Lee, at the Bergen-Belsen displaced-persons camp. Lee confirmed the identification and then located further photographs of his mother's extended family in the Yad Vashem collection (Jerusalem Post, 28 June 2022). On 19 December 2022 NPR reported a second case: survivor Blanche Fixler recognized herself, her aunt and her cousin in photographs found with the tool." } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "summary", "account" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].autonomy_permissions": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].component_role": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].deployment_configuration": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].inputs_outputs": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].model_name": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].model_version": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].product_name": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "system": "From Numbers to Names (N2N) facial-recognition search" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "system" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "systems[].provider": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "structured", "data": { "application_developer": "Daniel Patt (independent project; N2N volunteer team)" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Mapped from the existing case description without a new external source review.", "record_fields": [ "developer" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "taxonomy_crosswalks[]": { "state": "not_assessed", "review_state": "not_assessed", "coverage": "partial" }, "title": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "title": "From Numbers to Names facial recognition identifies Geddy Lee's mother in a Bergen-Belsen DP-camp photograph", "headline": "N2N face search finds Geddy Lee's mother in Bergen-Belsen photo" } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "title", "headline" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" }, "version": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "identifiers", "identifiers": [ "3f74741e64fe998f85884f4f38a5ee3dae3d3f0b198676c747cd2f3d8a8f1792" ], "role": "SHA-256 of normalized original case data" }, "provenance": { "kind": "curatorial", "basis": "Deterministic content version assigned by the local migration.", "record_fields": [], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "complete" }, "workflow": { "state": "value_present", "value": { "kind": "record_fields", "fields": { "account": "From Numbers to Names (N2N) is a facial-recognition search built by software engineer Daniel Patt. It indexes roughly half a million digitized Holocaust-era photographs from the US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and Yad Vashem. The Times of Israel reported on 26 June 2022 (report date; identification date not given) that the tool surfaced a photograph of Mary Weinrib. She was an Auschwitz survivor and mother of Rush musician Geddy Lee, at the Bergen-Belsen displaced-persons camp. Lee confirmed the identification and then located further photographs of his mother's extended family in the Yad Vashem collection (Jerusalem Post, 28 June 2022). On 19 December 2022 NPR reported a second case: survivor Blanche Fixler recognized herself, her aunt and her cousin in photographs found with the tool.", "replication": { "produced_by": [ "Face-embedding similarity search over about half a million digitized USHMM and Yad Vashem photographs", "A reference photograph of the relative supplied by the family", "Human confirmation by a family member or the survivor" ], "must_hold": [ "The archive photographs are digitized and indexed by the tool", "The relative's face appears in an indexed photograph", "A living relative or survivor can recognize and confirm the match" ], "echoes": [ { "date": "2022-12-19", "setting": "Holocaust survivor Blanche Fixler, photographs found via N2N after Patt searched using a photo from Twitter", "outcome": "recurred", "source": "https://text.npr.org/1144230135" } ] } } }, "provenance": { "kind": "legacy_record", "basis": "Preserved from the existing AIBD record; external sources were not rechecked.", "record_fields": [ "account", "replication" ], "source_refs": [] }, "review_state": "record_mapped", "coverage": "partial" } }, "summary": { "total": 91, "addressed": 91, "known": 31, "reviewed": 0, "record_mapped": 31, "not_assessed": 60, "complete": false, "by_state": { "value_present": 31, "not_reported": 0, "unresolved": 0, "not_assessed": 60, "not_applicable": 0, "withheld": 0, "source_unavailable": 0 } } } }