{
  "id": "AIBD-0051",
  "title": "BrainGate participants T5 and T10 use a wireless intracortical brain-computer interface at home to control a tablet and type",
  "summary": "Two men with tetraplegia used a wireless BrainGate iBCI at home for web browsing, apps and typing, with 24-hour home recording.",
  "date_observed": "2021-06-17",
  "date_basis": "unassessed",
  "date_precision": "unassessed",
  "benefit_status": null,
  "source_collection": null,
  "source_entry": null,
  "account": "A BrainGate pilot-trial study (Simeral et al.) appeared in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering in 2021. Authors are at Brown University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Providence VA Medical Center and Stanford University. Two men with tetraplegia from C4 spinal cord injury, T5 (63) and T10 (35), used a 192-electrode intracortical brain-computer interface (iBCI). Wireless transmitters replaced its cables. Sessions were in their homes. A Kalman filter decoder and a linear discriminant classifier converted neural activity into cursor velocity and clicks. Both controlled an unmodified commercial tablet to browse the web and run apps. T5 typed 196 correct characters in 14.6 minutes (13.4 per minute) in Notepad. Neural data were recorded continuously from T10 for 24 hours at home. Calendar dates are not given.",
  "category": "benefit created",
  "unexpected": false,
  "purpose": "Restore computer access and communication for people with paralysis by decoding intended movement from motor cortex",
  "system": "BrainGate wireless intracortical brain-computer interface (Kalman filter velocity decoder plus linear discriminant click classifier)",
  "model_version": null,
  "developer": "BrainGate consortium (Brown University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Providence VA Medical Center, Stanford University)",
  "deployer": "BrainGate consortium (pilot clinical trial); sessions in participants' homes with research staff present",
  "location": null,
  "domain": "Neurotechnology / assistive communication",
  "segment": "People with tetraplegia",
  "benefit_type": "Improved Accessibility",
  "taxonomy_note": null,
  "registry_ids": {},
  "ratings": [
    {
      "group": "personal",
      "depth": 2,
      "reason": "Two identifiable participants gained tablet control, web browsing and typing at home. Use was within supervised research sessions rather than independent daily use, so the gain is material but not yet life-changing."
    },
    {
      "group": "societal",
      "depth": 1,
      "reason": "First human demonstration of wireless broadband iBCI use at home; a step toward practical deployment rather than a population-level change."
    }
  ],
  "ai_role": {
    "status": "assessed",
    "statement": "Machine-learning decoders (Kalman filter and linear discriminant classifier) are the mechanism that translates intracortical activity into cursor movement and clicks. Wireless hardware enabled home use. The decoded control is what produced the tablet and typing capacity."
  },
  "evidence": [
    {
      "kind": "peer-reviewed study",
      "citation": "Simeral JD, Hosman T, Saab J, et al. (2021). Home Use of a Percutaneous Wireless Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface by Individuals With Tetraplegia. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 68(7).",
      "title": "Home Use of a Percutaneous Wireless Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface by Individuals With Tetraplegia",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8218873/",
      "date": "2021-06-17",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "Participants also used the wireless iBCI to control a standard commercial tablet computer to browse the web and use several mobile applications."
    },
    {
      "kind": "peer-reviewed study",
      "citation": "Simeral JD, et al. (2021). Home Use of a Percutaneous Wireless Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface by Individuals With Tetraplegia. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.",
      "title": "Home Use of a Percutaneous Wireless Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface by Individuals With Tetraplegia (decoder description)",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8218873/",
      "date": "2021-06-17",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "For iBCI cursor tasks, a Kalman filter decoder and a linear discriminant classifier were used to estimate continuous 2-D cursor velocity and click state, respectively."
    },
    {
      "kind": "peer-reviewed study",
      "citation": "Nuyujukian P, Albites Sanabria J, Saab J, et al. (2018). Cortical control of a tablet computer by people with paralysis. PLoS One 13(11).",
      "title": "Cortical control of a tablet computer by people with paralysis",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/30462658",
      "date": "2018-11-21",
      "written_by": "makers",
      "quote": "Neural activity was decoded in real time as a point-and-click wireless Bluetooth mouse, allowing participants to use common and recreational applications"
    }
  ],
  "replication": {
    "produced_by": [
      "Chronically implanted microelectrode arrays with usable spiking signals",
      "Daily Kalman filter and linear discriminant decoder calibration",
      "Wireless transmitters removing the cable tether"
    ],
    "must_hold": [
      "Stable array signal quality years after implantation",
      "Research staff available to set up sessions",
      "Participant retains intention-to-move signals in motor cortex"
    ],
    "echoes": [
      {
        "date": "2018-11-21",
        "setting": "Three BrainGate2 participants controlling an unmodified tablet with a cabled iBCI",
        "model_version": null,
        "outcome": "recurred",
        "source": "Nuyujukian et al. (2018) PLoS One, PMID 30462658"
      }
    ]
  },
  "paired_incident": null,
  "headline": "BrainGate wireless iBCI lets T5 and T10 use a tablet at home",
  "metric": "T5 typed 196 correct characters in 14.6 minutes (13.4 per minute)",
  "comparator": {
    "against": "the cabled intracortical BCI",
    "before": null,
    "after": "Communication bitrates were equivalent between cabled and wireless configurations.",
    "basis": "measured",
    "quote": "Communication bitrates were equivalent between cabled and wireless configurations.",
    "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8218873/"
  },
  "later": {
    "status": "unknown",
    "date": null,
    "note": "No later development found.",
    "quote": null,
    "url": null
  },
  "value": null,
  "developer_country": "United States",
  "deployer_country": "United States",
  "unrated_because": null,
  "brief_notes": null,
  "brief": null,
  "revisions": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-20",
      "change": "Record drafted from the cited sources.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
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    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Added what the benefit is measured against from the cited sources.",
      "source": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8218873/",
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Country of the developer and the deployer added from the organization's own site or a registry.",
      "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate; https://www.braingate.org/about-braingate/",
      "editor": "AIBD"
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    {
      "date": "2026-10-21",
      "change": "Prose pass: a rating reason, account, the replication conditions, the system's part rewritten in shorter sentences with abbreviations expanded; facts, figures and quotations unchanged.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-22",
      "change": "Organization name standardized to BrainGate consortium.",
      "source": null,
      "editor": "AIBD"
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  "confidence": "claimed",
  "shade": "low",
  "claim_status": "The makers' claim",
  "claim_basis": "Sources: two peer-reviewed studies from the makers. The cited evidence includes no independent source and no finding by a regulator or court.",
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}